1. One very conspicuous sign that warming is affecting the ecology of butterflies are the phenological advances occurring in many species. Moreover, rising temperatures are having a notable impact – both negative and positive – on population abundances. To date, patterns have generally been analysed at species level without taking into account possible differences between populations, which, when they are noted, are mostly attributed to large‐scale climate differences across a latitudinal gradient.

中文翻译：

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二十年来蝴蝶对地中海岛屿全球变暖的时空响应

1.变暖正在影响蝴蝶生态的一个非常明显的迹象是许多物种发生的物候变化。此外，气温上升对人口数量产生了显着影响（无论是正面的还是负面的）。迄今为止，一般在物种水平上分析模式时并未考虑种群之间的可能差异，当注意到种群之间的差异时，这些差异主要归因于整个纬度梯度上的大规模气候差异。