Nanoparticles are the magic bullets and at the leading edge in the field of nanotechnology, and their unique properties make these materials indispensable and superior in many areas, including the electronic field. Extensive applications of nanomaterials are incontrovertibly entering our living system. The increasing use of nanomaterials into the ecosystem is one of the crucial environmental factors that human being is facing. Nanomaterials raise noticeable toxicological concerns; particularly their accumulation in plants and the resultant toxicity may affect the food chain. Here, we analyzed the characterization of nanomaterials, such as graphene, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, and semi-insulating or conducting nanoparticles. Quantitative evaluation of the nanomaterials was conducted and their commercialization aspects were discussed. Various characterization techniques, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet rays were utilized to identify the morphology, phase, absorbance, and crystallinity. In addition, we analyzed the effects of nanomaterials on plants. The toxicity of nanoparticles has severe effects on loss of morphology of the plants. Potential mechanisms including physical and physiological effects were analyzed. In future studies, it is indispensable to assess widely accepted toxicity evaluation for safe production and use of nanomaterials.

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纳米粒子的多物理分析及其对植物的影响

纳米颗粒是纳米技术领域的灵丹妙药，处于领先地位，其独特的性能使这些材料在包括电子领域在内的许多领域都不可或缺且具有优越性。纳米材料的广泛应用正在无可争议地进入我们的生命系统。在生态系统中越来越多地使用纳米材料是人类面临的关键环境因素之一。纳米材料引起了明显的毒理学问题；特别是它们在植物中的积累和由此产生的毒性可能会影响食物链。_{在此，我们分析了石墨烯、Al 2} O ₃、TiO ₂等纳米材料的表征。，以及半绝缘或导电纳米粒子。对纳米材料进行了定量评估，并讨论了它们的商业化问题。各种表征技术、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射和紫外线被用来鉴定形态、相、吸光度和结晶度。此外，我们分析了纳米材料对植物的影响。纳米粒子的毒性对植物形态的丧失有严重的影响。分析了包括物理和生理效应在内的潜在机制。在未来的研究中，评估广泛接受的毒性评估对于安全生产和使用纳米材料是必不可少的。