The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a human pathogen depends on the bacterium's ability to persist in a quiescent form in oxygen and nutrient-poor host environments. In vitro studies have demonstrated that these restricting environments induce a shift from bacterial replication to non-replicating persistence (NRP). Entry into NRP involves changes in bacterial metabolism and remodeling of the cell envelope. Findings consistent with the phenotypes observed in vitro have been observed in patient and animal model samples. This review focuses on the cell envelope differences seen between replicating and NRP M. tuberculosis and summarizes the ways in which serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs) may mediate this process.

中文翻译：

---

复制和非复制持久细菌之间结核分枝杆菌细胞包膜的调节

结核分枝杆菌作为人类病原体的成功取决于该细菌在氧气和营养贫乏的宿主环境中以静止形式持续存在的能力。体外研究表明，这些限制性环境会导致从细菌复制到非复制持久性 (NRP) 的转变。进入 NRP 涉及细菌代谢的变化和细胞包膜的重塑。在患者和动物模型样品中观察到与体外观察到的表型一致的结果。本综述重点关注复制型和 NRP 结核分枝杆菌之间的细胞包膜差异，并总结丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 (STPK) 可能介导这一过程的方式。