Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect animals, however, the whole range of potential hosts is still unknown. This work makes an assessment of wildlife susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the similarities of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2)—both recognized as receptors and protease for coronavirus spike protein—and the genetic variation of the viral protein spike in the recognition sites. The sequences from different mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, and the sequence from SARS-CoV-2 S protein were obtained from the GenBank. Comparisons of aligned sequences were made by selecting amino acids residues of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and S protein; phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the same sequences. The species susceptibility was ranked by substituting the values of amino acid residues for both proteins. Our results ranked primates at the top, but surprisingly, just below are carnivores, cetaceans and wild rodents, showing a relatively high potential risk, as opposed to lab rodents that are typically mammals at lower risk. Most of the sequences from birds, reptiles and amphibians occupied the lowest ranges in the analyses. Models and phylogenetic trees outputs showed the species that are more prone to getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, during this short pandemic period, a high haplotypic variation was observed in the RBD of the viral S protein, suggesting new risks for other hosts. Our findings are consistent with other published results reporting laboratory and natural infections in different species. Finally, urgent measures of wildlife monitoring are needed regarding SARS-CoV-2, as well as measures for avoiding or limiting human contact with wildlife, and precautionary measures to protect wildlife workers and researchers; monitoring disposal of waste and sewage than can potentially affect the environment, and designing protocols for dealing with the outbreak.

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 可以感染动物，但是，潜在宿主的整个范围仍然未知。这项工作通过分析血管紧张素转化酶 2 (ACE2) 和跨膜蛋白酶丝氨酸 2 (TMPRSS2)（均被认为是冠状病毒刺突蛋白的受体和蛋白酶）的相似性以及遗传识别位点中病毒蛋白尖峰的变异。来自不同哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物的序列以及来自 SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白的序列来自 GenBank。通过选择ACE2、TMPRSS2和S蛋白的氨基酸残基进行比对序列的比较；使用相同的序列重建系统发育树。通过用氨基酸残基的值代替两种蛋白质对物种敏感性进行排序。我们的结果将灵长类动物排在前列，但令人惊讶的是，其次是食肉动物、鲸类动物和野生啮齿动物，显示出相对较高的潜在风险，而实验室啮齿动物通常是风险较低的哺乳动物。大多数来自鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物的序列在分析中占据了最低范围。模型和系统发育树输出显示了更容易感染 SARS-CoV-2 的物种。有趣的是，在这个短暂的大流行期间，在病毒 S 蛋白的 RBD 中观察到了高度的单倍型变异，这表明其他宿主面临新的风险。我们的发现与其他已发表的报告不同物种的实验室和自然感染的结果一致。最后，需要针对 SARS-CoV-2 采取紧急野生动物监测措施，以及避免或限制人类与野生动物接触的措施，以及保护野生动物工作者和研究人员的预防措施；监测可能对环境产生潜在影响的废物和污水的处置，并设计应对疫情的协议。