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Dracunculus Species in Meso-mammals from Georgia, United States, and Implications for the Guinea Worm Eradication Program in Chad, Africa
Journal of Parasitology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 , DOI: 10.1645/18-178
Christopher A. Cleveland 1 , Mark L. Eberhard 2 , Kayla B. Garrett 1 , Alec T. Thompson 1 , Liandrie Swanepoel 1 , Elizabeth A. Miller 3 , Odin L. Stephens 4 , Michael J. Yabsley 1
Affiliation  

The prevalence and diversity of parasitic nematodes in wildlife have been well studied for certain species, yet for others considerable gaps in knowledge exist. The parasitic nematode Dracunculus insignis infects North American wildlife, and past research on this species has led to an increased understanding of the potential host diversity and transmission of the closely related human Guinea worm, Dracunculus medinensis (which is currently the focus of a global eradication program). Many definitive hosts have been documented for D. insignis; however, the life cycle has been studied only in laboratories, and only a single phylogenetic study has been conducted on D. insignis (from Canada). The goals of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of infections with Dracunculus species among wildlife at a single site (Di-Lane plantation) in the southeastern United States, evaluate the genetic diversity of parasites at this site, and investigate potential paratenic hosts that may be involved in transmission. Over 3 yr, we sampled 228 meso-mammals, reporting an overall prevalence of infection with Dracunculus insignis of 20% (46/228). Amphibians and fish were sampled in the same geographic area as infected meso-mammals. Dracunculus insignis third-stage larvae were recovered from 2 different species of amphibians, but all fish sampled were negative. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene showed very little diversity of Dracunculus at Di-Lane; however, we did recover a single nematode from a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) that falls outside of the D. insignis clade, more closely aligns with Dracunculus lutrae, and may represent an undescribed species. This work documents the occurrence of D. insignis in frogs, a potential transmission pathway for D. insignis at a single geographic site in nature. When applied to the global Guinea Worm Eradication Program, and Chad, Africa, in particular, this work increases our knowledge of the potential role of aquatic animals in the transmission of Dracunculus species and informs on potential intervention strategies that may be applied to the eradication of Guinea worm in Africa.



中文翻译:

美国佐治亚州中粒哺乳动物中的龙蛛属物种及其对非洲乍得的几内亚蠕虫根除计划的启示。

对于某些物种,野生生物中寄生线虫的流行和多样性已经得到了很好的研究,但对于其他物种,知识上存在相当大的差距。寄生线虫Dracunculus insignis感染北美野生动植物,过去对该物种的研究导致人们对与之密切相关的人类几内亚蠕虫Darkunculus medinensis的潜在宿主多样性和传播有了更多的了解(目前是全球根除计划的重点)。许多权威的寄主已经被记载为权威D. insignis ; 然而,生命周期仅在实验室中进行过研究,并且仅对D. insignis进行过一次系统发育研究(来自加拿大)。本研究的目的是在美国东南部的单个地点(迪兰种植园)调查野生动物中吸血草物种的感染率,评估该地点的寄生虫遗传多样性,并调查潜在的寄生虫宿主。可能参与传播。在3年中,我们取样228细观哺乳动物,报告感染与总患病龙蒿蕨的20%(228分之46)。两栖动物和鱼类与受感染的中型哺乳动物在同一地理区域采样。从两个不同种类的两栖动物中回收了硬尾麦第三阶段幼虫,但所有采样的鱼均为阴性。部分细胞色素c的系统发育分析氧化酶I(COI)基因在Di-Lane上显示出很少的麦草多样性。但是,我们确实从弗吉尼亚负鼠(Didelphis virginiana)中回收了一个线虫,该线虫位于D. insignis进化枝之外,与Dracunculus lutrae更紧密地对齐,并且可能代表一个未描述的物种。这项工作文件的发生D.红花木莲在青蛙,为潜在的传输路径D.红花木莲在本质上是单一的地理网站。当应用于全球性的几内亚蠕虫根除计划,尤其是非洲的乍得时,这项工作增加了我们对水生动物在龙毛虫传播中潜在作用的认识 种类,并提供可能用于根除非洲豚鼠蠕虫的潜在干预策略。

更新日期:2020-10-04
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