Molecular chaperones are a set of conserved proteins that have evolved to assist the folding of many newly synthesized proteins by preventing their misfolding under conditions such as elevated temperatures, hypoxia, acidosis and nutrient deprivation. Molecular chaperones belong to the heat shock protein (HSP) family. They have been identified as important participants in immune functions including antigen presentation, immunostimulation and immunomodulation, and play crucial roles in metabolic rewiring and epigenetic circuits. Growing evidence has accumulated to indicate that metabolic pathways and their metabolites influence the function of immune cells and can alter transcriptional activity through epigenetic modification of (de)methylation and (de)acetylation. However, whether molecular chaperones can regulate metabolic programs to influence immune activity is still largely unclear. In this review, we discuss the available data on the biological function of molecular chaperones to immune responses during inflammation, with a specific focus on the interplay between molecular chaperones and metabolic pathways that drive immune cell fate and function.

中文翻译：

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分子伴侣：分子组装线带来新陈代谢和免疫力

分子伴侣蛋白是一组保守的蛋白质，它们通过在高温，缺氧，酸中毒和营养缺乏等条件下防止其错误折叠而进化为协助许多新合成的蛋白质折叠。分子伴侣属于热休克蛋白（HSP）家族。他们被认为是包括抗原呈递，免疫刺激和免疫调节在内的免疫功能的重要参与者，并且在代谢重新连接和表观遗传回路中起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的证据表明，代谢途径及其代谢产物会影响免疫细胞的功能，并可能通过（脱）甲基化和（脱）乙酰化的表观遗传修饰而改变转录活性。然而，分子伴侣蛋白是否可以调节代谢程序以影响免疫活性仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了分子伴侣在炎症过程中对免疫反应的生物学功能的可用数据，特别关注分子伴侣和驱动免疫细胞命运和功能的代谢途径之间的相互作用。