Secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones via vesicular exocytosis is a fundamental biological field where physicochemical machinery is still source of controversy. Over the last decades, real-time techniques have been developed at the single cell level including electrochemistry (amperometry) and fluorescence (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy). This review especially focuses on the expected fruitful fluoroelectrochemical combination. Analytical constraints (experimental set-up configuration, use of transparent electrodes, microdevices properties, cell models, structure and physicochemical properties of electrofluorescent probes, presence of orphan events) of the TIRFM-amperometry combination are commented. A special attention is paid about the recent design of new dual spectroelectrochemical biomolecules (fluorescent neural markers, fluorescent adducts, false fluorescent neurotransmitters). Despite significant advances, this challenging combinatorial research continues and new obstacles (reaching in the same molecule adequate fluorescent, electrochemical and biological target properties) need to be overcome thus giving the impression that the final purpose is currently so close and so far.

通过囊泡胞吐作用分泌神经递质和激素是一个基本的生物学领域，理化机制仍是争议的源头。在过去的几十年中，已经在单细胞水平上开发了实时技术，包括电化学（安培法）和荧光（全内反射荧光显微镜）。这篇评论特别关注预期的卓有成效的氟电化学组合。评论了TIRFM-安培法组合的分析约束条件（实验设置配置，透明电极的使用，微器件特性，细胞模型，电荧光探针的结构和理化特性，孤立事件的存在）。特别关注新的双光谱电化学生物分子（荧光神经标记，荧光加合物，假荧光神经递质）的最新设计。尽管取得了重大进展，但这项具有挑战性的组合研究仍在继续，并且需要克服新的障碍（在同一分子中达到足够的荧光，电化学和生物靶特性），从而给人留下这样的印象，即目前的最终目的如此之近。