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Genesis of the Kangshan Au-polymetallic deposit, Xiong’ershan District, North China Craton: Constraints from fluid inclusions and C-H-O-S-Pb isotopes
Ore Geology Reviews ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103815 Zheming Zhang , Qingdong Zeng , Yunpeng Guo , Ruiliang Wang , Jinhui Yang , Yankun Chen
Ore Geology Reviews ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103815 Zheming Zhang , Qingdong Zeng , Yunpeng Guo , Ruiliang Wang , Jinhui Yang , Yankun Chen
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Abstract The Kangshan Au-polymetallic deposit, in the Xiong’ershan District of China, lies on the southern margin of the North China Craton. The orebodies are hosted in (E)NE–(W)SW-trending brittle faults formed during the Mesozoic, which crosscut Neoarchean metamorphic rocks and Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks. The ore-forming process can be divided into three stages: a quartz ± pyrite stage (Stage 1), a quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage (Stage 2), and a quartz-calcite stage (Stage 3). Stage 2 includes two substages: a quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-electrum substage (Stage 2-1; the main Au mineralization stage) and a galena-sphalerite-pyrite-ankerite-Ag-bearing tetrahedrite ± chalcopyrite ± electrum substage (Stage 2-2; the main Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization stage). Four types of fluid inclusions have been identified in the Kangshan deposit: three-phase CO2-rich inclusions, two-phase aqueous inclusions, one-phase vapor inclusions and one-phase aqueous inclusions. Inclusion microthermometric, laser Raman, and C-H-O-S-Pb isotope analyses were undertaken to clarify the properties of the ore-forming fluids, sources of these fluids and ore-forming materials, and mineral precipitation mechanisms. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis indicate that the ore-forming fluids were formed in a NaCl-H2O-CO2 system. Inclusion homogenization temperatures and salinities are 130 °C–359 °C, and 0.53–11.46 wt% NaCl equivalent (eqv.), respectively. δ18Ofluid values calculated from the δ18OSMOW and δD values of the inclusions in auriferous quartz veins are 1.0–9.0‰ and -92‰ to -67‰, respectively. δ13CPDB and δ18OSMOW values of ankerite are -4.89‰ to -3.67‰ and 12.0‰–13.9‰, respectively. Fluid C-H-O isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from magmas, with minor addition of meteoric water. δ34S values of the ore sulfides are 4.8‰–7.4‰; 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of the ore sulfides are 17.625–17.889, 15.543–15.620, and 38.389–38.740, respectively. S-Pb isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming materials of the deposit originated from granitic magmas and host rocks. The Kangshan Au-polymetallic deposit is a medium–low-temperature hydrothermal deposit. Its mineralization may be related toEarly Cretaceous granite formed in an extensional tectonic setting caused by craton destruction on the southern margin of the North China Craton.
更新日期：2020-12-01
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