Abstract There are two typical cases of acquisition and remanufacturing in a closed-loop supply chain: The third party remanufacturer (3PR) and the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) separately acquire and remanufacture used products. The used products have different qualities, and they can be classified for acquisition in reality. In this paper, under the grading acquisition mode, we compare the acquisition strategies of used products and the pricing strategies of new products and remanufactured products in different manufacturing-remanufacturing systems. Then we further study the impact of the timing of remanufacturing on the profit and the environment. From an environmental perspective, the 3PR is willing to acquire and remanufacture used products at the best grade, whereas the OEM may choose more grades. The latter can reduce environmental impact. From an economic perspective, as long as the total cost of acquiring and remanufacturing used products does not exceed the threshold, remanufacturing can bring more profit for the OEM than only selling new products. Moreover, when consumers’ preference for remanufactured products is relatively high, and the total cost of acquisition and remanufacturing does not exceed the threshold, the OEM can engage in remanufacturing business before the new products exit from the market.

中文翻译：

---

混合制造-再制造系统中的收购和定价策略

摘要 闭环供应链中有两种典型的收购和再制造案例：第三方再制造商（3PR）和原始设备制造商（OEM）分别收购和再制造二手产品。使用过的产品具有不同的品质，可以在现实中进行分类获取。本文在分级获取模式下，比较了不同制造-再制造系统中旧产品的获取策略以及新产品和再制造产品的定价策略。然后我们进一步研究再制造时机对利润和环境的影响。从环保的角度来看，3PR愿意以最好的等级收购和再制造使用过的产品，而OEM可能会选择更多的等级。后者可以减少对环境的影响。从经济角度来看，只要收购和再制造旧产品的总成本不超过门槛，再制造比只销售新产品可以为主机厂带来更多的利润。而且，当消费者对再制造产品的偏好度较高，且购置和再制造的总成本不超过门槛时，代工企业可以在新产品退出市场前从事再制造业务。