Abstract The establishment of a commercially sustainable aquaculture production of Paracentrotus lividus depends on the development of diets able to fulfil the species nutritional requirement and the production of market valuable roe. As dietary protein level and protein: energy ratio (P:E) are major limiting factors for sea urchin growth and gonad development, six isolipidic (≈ 7%) practical diets of increasing protein content (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 46 % dry matter, DM) and protein: energy ratios (P:E) (15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 28 mg P/kJ) were fed to triplicate groups of adult sea urchins for 107 days to identify the dietary protein level and P:E able to promote the highest nutrient utilisation, best growth and gonad enhancement. The trial results showed that protein apparent digestibility coefficients ranged between 69 and 86 %, without significant differences among groups. Digestible energy intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased with increasing dietary protein levels and protein: energy ratios, whilst digestible protein intake remained similar in all groups. The retention and gain of protein and energy remained unaffected by dietary treatments, resulting in a specific growth rate of 0.3 % per day across treatments, and in a final body weight between 22 and 24 g. All diets significantly increased the gonadosomatic index (GSI) attaining 7.4–8.5%. Both GSI and gonad protein gain picked with a dietary P:E of 21 mg P/kJ (diet P30), whereas gonad protein content picked when P:E was 24 mg P/kJ (diet P35). These results, in association with the decreasing FCR with increasing dietary protein levels, suggest that diets with 30 % DM of protein and a P:E of 21 mg P/kJ are the most appropriate to promote both high somatic growth and high gonad yield in adult P. lividus.

中文翻译：

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用增加蛋白质：能量比的饮食喂养的海胆 Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) 的生长性能和性腺产量

摘要 Paracentrotus lividus 商业可持续水产养殖生产的建立取决于能够满足物种营养需求的饮食的开发和具有市场价值的鱼子的生产。由于日粮蛋白质水平和蛋白质：能量比 (P:E) 是海胆生长和性腺发育的主要限制因素，六种等脂 (≈ 7%) 的实用日粮增加了蛋白质含量（20、25、30、35、40 和将 46 % 干物质，DM）和蛋白质：能量比（P：E）（15、18、21、24、27 和 28 毫克 P/kJ）喂给三组成年海胆 107 天，以确定饮食蛋白质水平和 P:E 能够促进最高的营养利用、最佳生长和性腺增强。试验结果表明，蛋白质表观消化率系数介于 69 和 86 % 之间，组间无显着差异。可消化能量摄入和饲料转化率 (FCR) 随着日粮蛋白质水平和蛋白质：能量比的增加而降低，而所有组的可消化蛋白质摄入量保持相似。蛋白质和能量的保留和增加不受饮食处理的影响，导致每天处理的特定增长率为 0.3%，最终体重在 22 到 24 克之间。所有饮食都显着增加了性腺体指数 (GSI)，达到 7.4-8.5%。GSI 和性腺蛋白质增加的饮食 P:E 为 21 mg P/kJ（饮食 P30），而性腺蛋白质含量选择时 P:E 为 24 mg P/kJ（饮食 P35）。这些结果，连同随着日粮蛋白质水平增加而降低的 FCR，表明含有 30% DM 蛋白质和 P 的日粮：