Abstract

Madeira Archipelago is a hotspot for crop wild relatives (CWR) of crop cultures. Some of these CWR are present in very specific environments, such as, in Ponta de São Lourenço or Desertas Islands. One such species is Beta patula Aiton, a Critically Endangered species which belongs to the Gene Pool 1b of cultivated beets. A continuous effort has been developed for its ex situ conservation through the storage of accessions (ISOP2512 and ISOP1911) in the ISOPlexis GeneBank at the University of Madeira. Simultaneously, a series of studies have been carried out to understand the species’ ecogeographic and ecological requirements, to validate populations’ boundaries and sizes, and to establish population dynamics. This study includes a complete floristic survey at the B. patula locations of, Desembarcadouro islet (DI) with 12 (DI1–DI12) sampling sites, and Chão islet (CI) with 3 (CI1–CI3). Several Biodiversity indices were calculated for these locations. Plot DI3 exhibited the highest values for Corrected Evenness (E′ = 0.77 ± 0.07), Shannon–Weaver Diversity Index (H′ = 2.48 ± 0.12), and Hill’s Index (N₂ = 4.47 ± 0.72), with a total sum of 306 individuals of B. patula. The demographic status of B. patula populations in DI and CI was determined yearly between 2014 and 2018. The results show an average population size of 16,906 and 2917 plants, respectively. These data will be used for the establishment of a protocol to monitor and manage a genetic reserve for B. patula and other CWR. By doing so, our work will contribute to the implementation of the European genetic reserve network.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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马德拉地区特有和濒临灭绝的贝塔patat aiton种群的监测系统和就地保护

摘要

马德拉群岛（Madeira Archipelago）是农作物作物的野生近缘种（CWR）的热点。这些CWR中的某些存在于非常特定的环境中，例如在Ponta deSãoLourenço或Desertas Islands。一种这样的物种是 Beta patula  Aiton，这是一种极度濒危物种，属于栽培甜菜的基因库1b。通过在马德拉大学的ISOPlexis GeneBank中存储种质（ISOP2512和ISOP1911），对其异位保存进行了持续的努力。同时，进行了一系列研究，以了解该物种的生态地理和生态要求，以验证种群的边界和大小，并建立种群动态。这项研究包括对B. patula的完整植物区系调查  Desembarcadouro胰岛（DI）的采样位置为12（DI1-DI12），而Chão胰岛（CI）的采样位置为3（CI1-CI3）。为这些地点计算了几个生物多样性指数。曲线DI3的校正均匀度（E'= 0.77±0.07），香农-韦弗多样性指数（H'= 2.48±0.12）和希尔氏指数（N ₂  = 4.47±0.72）表现出最大值，总和为306 B. patula的个体 。 在2014年至2018年之间，每年确定DI和CI的B. patula种群的人口状况 。结果显示，平均种群大小分别为16,906和2917株植物。这些数据将用于建立协议，以监测和管理巴氏芽孢杆菌的遗传储备 。 和其他CWR。通过这样做，我们的工作将有助于欧洲遗传储备网络的实施。

图形摘要