The Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world before 1960. Reduction of water resources and the growth of water intake and reservoirs in the source rivers have severely desiccated the Aral Sea. This study aimed to model the spatiotemporal and surface temperature changes of the Aral Sea in the period 1986–2017 using the Landsat multi-temporal satellite data and remote sensing techniques. Since the desiccation period was accompanied by climate change, hydrological data of source rivers, as well as climate data were collected from meteorological stations near the Aral Sea, to study the causes of changes. To achieve the research objectives, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was selected among the other indices to extract and quantify the water area changes. Land and water surface temperature values were calculated using the thermal bands to examine the surface temperature change, which has rarely been discussed in the literature. The results revealed a significant decrease in the Aral Sea surface area (~ 78%) and a considerable increase in the land surface summertime temperature (~ 12 °C). The statistical results showed that the Aral Sea water extent decreased from 44,164 km² in 1986 to 9772 km² in 2017.

咸海是1960年之前世界上第四大湖泊。水资源的减少以及源河中水的摄入量和水库的增加已使咸海严重干燥。本研究旨在利用Landsat多时相卫星数据和遥感技术对1986-2017年期间咸海的时空和表面温度变化进行建模。由于干旱期伴随着气候变化，因此从咸海附近的气象站收集了源河的水文数据和气候数据，以研究变化的原因。为了达到研究目的，在其他指标中选择了归一化差异水指数（NDWI）来提取和量化水域变化。土地和水的表面温度值是使用热谱带计算的，以检查表面温度的变化，这在文献中很少讨论。结果表明，咸海表面积显着减少（约78％），夏季陆地温度显着上升（约12°C）。统计结果表明，咸水范围从44,164 km下降² 1986年9772公里²在2017年。