Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen of chronic periodontitis, is an asaccharolytic microorganism that solely utilizes nutritional amino acids as its energy source and cellular constituents. The bacterium is considered to incorporate proteinaceous nutrients mainly as dipeptides, thus exopeptidases that produce dipeptides from polypeptides are critical for survival and proliferation. We present here an overview of dipeptide production by P. gingivalis mediated by dipeptidyl‐peptidases (DPPs), e.g., DPP4, DPP5, DPP7, and DPP11, serine exopeptidases localized in periplasm, which release dipeptides from the N‐terminus of polypeptides. Additionally, two other exopeptidases, acylpeptidyl‐oligopeptidase (AOP) and prolyl tripeptidyl‐peptidase A (PTP‐A), which liberate N‐terminal acylated di‐/tri‐peptides and tripeptides with Pro at the third position, respectively, provide polypeptides in an acceptable form for DPPs. Hence, a large fraction of dipeptides is produced from nutritional polypeptides by DPPs with differential specificities in combination with AOP and PTP‐A. The resultant dipeptides are then incorporated across the inner membrane mainly via a proton‐dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT), a member of the major facilitator superfamily. Recent studies also indicate that DPP4 and DPP7 directly link between periodontal and systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and coagulation abnormality, respectively. Therefore, these dipeptide‐producing and incorporation molecules are considered to be potent targets for prevention and treatment of periodontal and related systemic diseases.

中文翻译：

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二肽基肽酶：糖酵解牙周病菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌中产生胞外蛋白进入形式的关键酶

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是慢性牙周炎的病原体，是一种糖酵解微生物，仅利用营养氨基酸作为其能量来源和细胞成分。该细菌被认为主要以二肽形式掺入蛋白质营养，因此从多肽中产生二肽的外肽酶对生存和增殖至关重要。我们在这里提供了由牙龈卟啉单胞菌生产二肽的概述由二肽基肽酶（DPP）（例如DPP4，DPP5，DPP7和DPP11）介导的丝氨酸外肽酶位于周质中，从多肽的N端释放二肽。此外，另外两个外肽酶，酰基肽基寡肽酶（AOP）和脯氨酰三肽基肽酶A（PTP-A）分别在第三位置释放具有Pro的N末端酰化二肽/三肽和三肽，从而提供了多肽DPP可接受的形式。因此，DPP与AOP和PTP-A结合后，具有不同特异性的DPP会从营养多肽中产生很大一部分二肽。然后将产生的二肽主要通过一个依赖质子的寡肽转运蛋白（POT），是主要促进子超家族的成员。最近的研究还表明，DPP4和DPP7分别直接链接到牙周疾病和全身性疾病之间，例如2型糖尿病和凝血异常。因此，这些二肽产生和掺入分子被认为是预防和治疗牙周病及相关系统性疾病的有效靶标。