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Watershed‐scale vegetation, water quantity, and water quality responses to wildfire in the southern Appalachian mountain region, United States
Hydrological Processes ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13922
Peter V. Caldwell 1 , Katherine J. Elliott 1 , Ning Liu 1, 2 , James M. Vose 3 , David R. Zietlow 1, 4 , Jennifer D. Knoepp 1
Affiliation  

Wildfires are landscape scale disturbances that can significantly affect hydrologic processes such as runoff generation and sediment and nutrient transport to streams. In Fall 2016, multiple large drought‐related wildfires burned forests across the southern Appalachian Mountains. Immediately after the fires, we identified and instrumented eight 28.4–344 ha watersheds (four burned and four unburned) to measure vegetation, soil, water quantity, and water quality responses over the following two years. Within burned watersheds, plots varied in burn severity with up to 100% tree mortality and soil O‐horizon loss. Watershed scale high burn severity extent ranged from 5% to 65% of total watershed area. Water quantity and quality responses among burned watersheds were closely related to the high burn severity extent. Total water yield (Q) was up to 39% greater in burned watersheds than unburned reference watersheds. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentration during storm events were up to 168 times greater in samples collected from the most severely burned watershed than from a corresponding unburned reference watershed, suggesting that there was elevated risk of localized erosion and sedimentation of streams. NO3‐N concentration, export, and concentration dependence on streamflow were greater in burned watersheds and increased with increasing high burn severity extent. Mean NO3‐N concentration in the most severely burned watershed increased from 0.087 mg L−1 in the first year to 0.363 mg L−1 (+317%) in the second year. These results suggest that the 2016 wildfires degraded forest condition, increased Q, and had negative effects on water quality particularly during storm events.

中文翻译:

美国南部阿巴拉契亚山区流域尺度的植被,水量和水质对野火的响应

野火是景观尺度的干扰,会严重影响水文过程,例如径流的产生以及沉积物和养分向河流的输送。2016年秋天,与干旱相关的多次大火烧毁了阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的森林。火灾发生后,我们立即识别并检测了8个28.4–344公顷流域(四个已燃烧和四个未燃烧),以测量接下来两年的植被,土壤,水量和水质响应。在被烧的流域内,地块的烧伤严重程度各不相同,树木死亡率高达100%,土壤O地平线损失。流域规模高烧严重程度范围为流域总面积的5%至65%。流域烧水的水量和水质响应与高烧严重程度密切相关。总出水量(Q)在未燃烧参考流域中比未燃烧参考流域高39%。从最严重燃烧的流域收集的样品中,风暴事件期间的总悬浮固体(TSS)浓度比相应的未燃烧的参考流域高出168倍,这表明溪流局部侵蚀和沉积的风险较高。在燃烧的流域,NO 3 -N的浓度,出口和浓度对水流的依赖性更大,并且随着高燃烧严重程度的增加而增加。最严重燃烧的流域中的平均NO 3- N浓度从第一年的0.087 mg L -1增加到0.363 mg L -1(+ 317%)在第二年。这些结果表明,2016年的野火使森林条件恶化,Q值增加,并对水质产生负面影响,特别是在暴风雨期间。
更新日期:2020-10-25
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