Mature blood cells can be differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells; thus, the latter can play a crucial role in maintaining defense against different microorganisms. Thus, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the most important lines of immunotherapy. Major systemic complications may occur post transplantation and could be fatal. Pulmonary complications include infectious and non-infectious complications. The aim of this study was to detect the pulmonary complications in allogeneic stem cell transplantation patients. We studied 20 patients after transplantation of allogeneic stem cells with regular follow-up in outpatient clinic of hematology department of Alexandria Main University Hospital. All the studied patients were subjected to history taking, plain x-ray chest PA view, CT chest, complete blood count, serum creatinine, liver enzymes, and serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection by antibodies IgG and IgM. Regarding sputum sampling, 7 patients’ samples (35%) were obtained either spontaneously or by induction via hypertonic saline 3%. One patient (5%) had miniBAL done, while bronchoalveolar lavage using fiber optic bronchoscopy was done for 2 patients (10%). Samples could not be obtained from the remaining patients. Samples were analyzed for culture for bacteria, Pneumocystis jiroveci using immunofluorescence test, CMV PCR, fungal culture, and smear for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Among the examined patients, 2 patients (20%) had pulmonary bacterial infection including streptococcus and multidrug-resistant strain of Klebsiella, 3 patients (30%) had pulmonary candida infection, and one patient (10%) had positive result of pulmonary CMV of low count which was considered insignificant. None of our patients had positive results for pulmonary tuberculosis nor Pneumocystis jiroveci. Six patients (30%) had CMV in serum; 3 patients (15.8%) had manifested CMV reactivation. One patient (5%) of our patients had pulmonary graft versus host disease GVHD. One patient (5%) had died during our study course within 12 days post-transplantation due to ARDS followed by multiple organ failure. The prevalence of pulmonary infectious complications after allogenic stem cell transplantation was 50% of all studied patients, while 5% of the studied patients presented with non-infectious pulmonary complications.

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同种异体干细胞移植患者肺部并发症的评估

成熟的血细胞可以与造血干细胞区分开来。因此，后者在维持对不同微生物的防御中可以发挥关键作用。因此，造血干细胞移植是免疫治疗最重要的途径之一。主要的全身性并发症可能在移植后发生，并且可能是致命的。肺部并发症包括感染性和非感染性并发症。这项研究的目的是检测同种异体干细胞移植患者的肺部并发症。我们对异基因干细胞移植后的20例患者进行了随访，并在亚历山大总校医院血液科门诊进行了定期随访。所有接受研究的患者均接受了历史记录，X线胸部X线平片检查，CT胸部，全血细胞计数，血清肌酐，通过抗体IgG和IgM检测肝酶和血清巨细胞病毒（CMV）。关于痰液采样，可以自发或通过3％的高渗盐水诱导而获得7例患者的样品（35％）。1名患者（5％）做过miniBAL，而2例患者（10％）用光纤支气管镜进行了支气管肺泡灌洗。无法从其余患者中获得样品。使用免疫荧光测试，CMV PCR，真菌培养和耐酸杆菌（AFB）涂片分析样品中细菌，耶氏肺囊虫的培养。在接受检查的患者中，有2例（20％）患有肺部细菌感染，包括链球菌和克雷伯菌多重耐药株； 3例（30％）患有肺部念珠菌感染，1例（10％）的低计数肺CMV阳性结果被认为无关紧要。我们的患者均没有肺结核或罗氏肺孢子虫阳性结果。6名患者（30％）的血清中有CMV。3例（15.8％）表现为CMV激活。我们的患者中有1名患者（5％）接受了肺移植物抗宿主疾病GVHD。在我们的研究过程中，有1名患者（5％）在ARDS移植后12天内因ARDS继发于多器官功能衰竭而死亡。同种异体干细胞移植后肺部感染并发症的患病率为所有研究患者的50％，而研究患者中有5％表现为非感染性肺部并发症。6名患者（30％）的血清中有CMV。3例（15.8％）表现为CMV激活。我们的患者中有1名患者（5％）接受了肺移植物抗宿主疾病GVHD。在我们的研究过程中，有1名患者（5％）在ARDS移植后12天内因ARDS继发于多器官功能衰竭而死亡。同种异体干细胞移植后肺部感染并发症的患病率为所有研究患者的50％，而研究患者中有5％表现为非感染性肺部并发症。6名患者（30％）的血清中有CMV。3例（15.8％）表现为CMV激活。我们的患者中有1名患者（5％）接受了肺移植物抗宿主疾病GVHD。在我们的研究过程中，有1名患者（5％）在ARDS移植后12天内因ARDS继发于多器官功能衰竭而死亡。同种异体干细胞移植后肺部感染并发症的患病率为所有研究患者的50％，而研究患者中有5％表现为非感染性肺部并发症。