Nanozymes have been widely used as highly active and stable arterial enzymes due to their controllable electronic transfer and unique catalytic reaction route. However, the development of nanozymes is hindered by their ambiguous structure, insufficient activity and inadequate substrate selectivity. In comparison, single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) hold superior catalytic activity 10–100 times higher than conventional nanozymes by maximizing the utilization of metal atom dispersion, and exhibit versatile catalytic selectivity through precisely adjusting the atom spatial configuration. In this review, we highlight several well-defined SAzymes, and discuss their accurate atom configuration, catalytic mechanisms, enzyme-like activity, and applications in cancer treatment, brain disease, and wound healing. It is of great significance to understand the advantages and properties of SAzymes for further medical development.

中文翻译：

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用于生物应用的单原子纳米酶

纳米酶由于其可控的电子转移和独特的催化反应途径而被广泛用作高活性和稳定的动脉酶。然而，纳米酶的发展由于其模棱两可的结构，活性不足和底物选择性不足而受到阻碍。相比之下，通过最大程度地利用金属原子分散，单原子纳米酶（SAzymes）具有比传统纳米酶高10至100倍的优异催化活性，并通过精确调节原子的空间构型展现出广泛的催化选择性。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了几种定义明确的SAzyme，并讨论了它们的准确原子构型，催化机制，类酶活性及其在癌症治疗，脑病和伤口愈合中的应用。