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Retinal Ganglion Cell defects cause decision shifts in visually evoked defense responses
Journal of Neurophysiology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 , DOI: 10.1152/jn.00474.2019
Rebecca Nicole Lees 1 , Armaan Fazal Akbar 1 , Tudor Constantin Badea 1
Affiliation  

A variety of visual cues can trigger defensive reactions in mice (De Franceschi et al. 2016; Evans et al. 2018; Huang et al. 2017; Salay et al. 2018; Shang et al. 2018; Shang et al. 2015; Wei et al. 2015; Yilmaz and Meister 2013; Zhao et al. 2014) and other species (Budnik et al. 2016; Dick et al. 2017; Dunn et al. 2016; Jang et al. 2016; Sen et al. 2017; Shragai et al. 2017; Simmons et al. 2013; Temizer et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2016; Yamawaki 2018; Yin et al. 2018). In mice, looming stimuli that mimic an approaching aerial predator elicit flight or freezing reactions, while sweeping stimuli that mimic an aerial predator flying parallel to the ground typically elicit freezing. The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types involved in these circuits are largely unknown. We previously discovered that loss of RGC subpopulations in Brn3b knockout mice results in distinct visual response deficits. Here, we report that retinal or global loss of Brn3b selectively ablate the fleeing response to looming stimuli while leaving the freeze response intact. In contrast, freezing responses to sweeping stimuli are significantly affected. Genetic manipulations removing three RGC subpopulations (Brn3a+ betta RGCs, Opn4+Brn3b+ and Brn3c+Brn3b+ RGCs) result in milder phenocopies of Brn3b KO response deficits. These findings show that flight and freezing responses to distinct visual cues are mediated by circuits that can already be separated at the level of the retina, potentially by enlisting dedicated RGC types.

中文翻译:

视网膜神经节细胞缺陷导致视觉诱发防御反应的决策转变

多种视觉线索可以触发小鼠的防御反应(De Franceschi 等人,2016;Evans 等人,2018 年;Huang 等人,2017 年;Salay 等人,2018 年;Shang 等人,2018 年;Shang 等人,2015 年;Wei等人 2015;Yilmaz 和 Meister 2013;Zhao 等人 2014)和其他物种(Budnik 等人 2016;Dick 等人 2017;Dunn 等人 2016;Jang 等人 2016;Sen 等人 2017; Shragai 等人 2017;Simmons 等人 2013 年;Temizer 等人 2015 年;Wu 等人 2016 年;Yamawaki 2018 年;Yin 等人 2018 年)。在小鼠中,模仿接近的空中捕食者的迫在眉睫的刺激会引起飞行或冻结反应,而模仿与地面平行飞行的空中捕食者的扫掠刺激通常会引起冻结。参与这些回路的视网膜神经节细胞 (RGC) 类型在很大程度上是未知的。我们之前发现 Brn3b 基因敲除小鼠中 RGC 亚群的丢失会导致明显的视觉反应缺陷。在这里,我们报告 Brn3b 的视网膜或整体损失选择性地消融对迫在眉睫的刺激的逃跑反应,同时保持冷冻反应完好无损。相比之下,对广泛刺激的冻结反应受到显着影响。去除三个 RGC 亚群的基因操作 (Brn3a+ betta RGC、Opn4 + Brn3b +和 Brn3c + Brn3b + RGC)导致 Brn3b KO 反应缺陷的较温和表型。这些发现表明,对不同视觉线索的飞行和冻结反应是由已经可以在视网膜水平分离的回路介导的,可能是通过招募专用的 RGC 类型。
更新日期:2020-10-02
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