1. We aimed to recognise beaver‐produced ecosystem services and quantify their theoretical value for the entire Northern Hemisphere. Activity of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber and the North American beaver Castor canadensis in the landscape provides ecosystem services and disservices. Services produced by beaver activity include water purification, moderation of extreme events, habitat and biodiversity provision, nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas sequestration, recreational hunting and fishing, water supply, and non‐consumptive recreation. Beaver‐produced services have not been compiled, analysed, or quantified previously.
2. Each service we evaluated is worth millions to hundreds of millions of US dollars (USD) annually. Habitat and biodiversity provision (133 million USD), along with greenhouse gas sequestration (75 million USD), are particularly valuable services in absolute terms, while non‐consumptive recreation (167 USD ha⁻¹) and habitat and biodiversity provision (133 USD ha⁻¹) have the largest annual per‐hectare values.
3. Our results can be used to broaden decision‐making and management perspectives, as we offer value estimates to wildlife managers and municipality planners for assessing local site‐specific beaver wetland values and the opportunities for their realisation. Implementing Payments for Ecosystem Services schemes offer a concrete way for societies to benefit from beaver‐produced services while concurrently compensating beaver‐produced losses accrued to landowners. Building such schemes offer long‐term realisation of ecosystem services and damage mitigation. This would lead to increased societal well‐being and increased conservation interest and efforts.

中文翻译：

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海狸Castor spp提供的生态系统服务。

1. 我们旨在识别由海狸生产的生态系统服务，并量化其在整个北半球的理论价值。欧亚海狸Castor纤维和北美海狸Castad canadensis在景观中的活动提供了生态系统服务和损害。海狸活动提供的服务包括水净化，极端事件的缓解，栖息地和生物多样性的提供，养分循环，温室气体隔离，休闲狩猎和捕鱼，供水和非消费性休闲。海狸生产的服务以前没有被编译，分析或量化。
2. 我们评估的每项服务每年价值数百万至数亿美元（USD）。就绝对值而言，生境和生物多样性的提供（1.33亿美元）以及温室气体封存（7,500万美元）是特别有价值的服务，而非消费性娱乐（167美元/公顷^-1）以及栖息地和生物多样性的提供（133美元/公顷）^-1）具有每年最大的每公顷价值。
3. 我们的结果可用于拓宽决策和管理的视野，因为我们为野生动物管理者和市政规划者提供价值评估，以评估当地特定地点的海狸湿地价值及其实现的机会。实施生态系统服务付款计划为社会提供了一条从海狸生产的服务中受益的具体方法，同时补偿了土地所有者应得的海狸生产的损失。建立此类计划可长期实现生态系统服务并减轻损害。这将导致社会福祉增加，保护兴趣和努力也增加。