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Life Cycle Assessment of wheat production and wheat‐based crop rotations
Journal of Environmental Quality ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20158
Prashansa Shrestha 1 , Rifat A. Karim 1 , Heidi L. Sieverding 1 , David W. Archer 2 , Sandeep Kumar 3 , Thandi Nleya 3 , Christopher J. Graham 3 , James J. Stone 1
Affiliation  

In the northern Great Plains (NGP), wheat is the primary grain commodity. There is a need for the NGP to have a detailed analysis of environmental impacts for wheat-based agricultural production systems to better understand regional agroecosystems. This article provides a cradle-to-field gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for NGP dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The environmental impacts for winter wheat production using crop rotation and agricultural intensification are quantified. Fourteen no-till crop rotations ranging in duration from 2 to 6 yr were evaluated and compared using data from a historical 13-yr replicated rotation study (>300 observations). Midpoint LCA categories chosen for this comparison are energy, agricultural land use, climate change potential, freshwater eutrophication, and freshwater ecotoxicity due to their direct links with agricultural management practices. The NGP farmers commonly use a fallow period every other year due to moisture limitations. This specific agricultural practice and allocations within rotations are critical considerations within agricultural LCAs. Two aspects of fallow considerations and a sensitivity analysis were also performed. The allocated midpoint impacts between crops in rotational studies averaged 0.31, 0.79, 0.62, and 0.63 kg CO2 eq. per unit of winter wheat when energy, economic, mass, and cereal unit allocations were used, respectively. Economic analysis of the studied experimental crop was performed; results demonstrated that crop insurance policies improved diversification economics by 20%. Agricultural diversification benefits and burdens were better represented by endpoint damage assessments than by midpoint impact analysis.

中文翻译:

小麦生产和小麦轮作的生命周期评估

在大平原北部 (NGP),小麦是主要的粮食商品。NGP 需要详细分析以小麦为基础的农业生产系统的环境影响,以更好地了解区域农业生态系统。本文为 NGP 旱地小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 生产提供了从摇篮到田间门生命周期评估 (LCA)。使用轮作和农业集约化对冬小麦生产的环境影响进行量化。使用来自历史 13 年重复轮作研究(> 300 次观察)的数据对持续时间为 2 至 6 年的 14 次免耕作物轮作进行了评估和比较。为该比较选择的中点 LCA 类别是能源、农业土地利用、气候变化潜力、淡水富营养化、和淡水生态毒性,因为它们与农业管理实践有直接联系。由于湿度限制,NGP 农民通常每隔一年使用一个休耕期。这种特定的农业实践和轮换中的分配是农业 LCA 中的关键考虑因素。还进行了休耕考虑和敏感性分析的两个方面。在轮作研究中分配的作物之间的中点影响平均为 0.31、0.79、0.62 和 0.63 kg CO2 当量。分别使用能源、经济、质量和谷物单位分配时的每单位冬小麦。对所研究的试验作物进行了经济分析;结果表明,作物保险政策将多元化经济提高了 20%。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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