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Thermal History of the Earth: On the Importance of Surface Processes and the Size of Tectonic Plates
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems ( IF 4.480 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 , DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009123
C. Grigné 1 , M. Combes 1
Affiliation  

Geochemical constraints on mantle temperature indicate a regular decrease by around 250 K since 3 Ga. However, models of Earth's cooling that rely on scaling laws for thermal convection without strong plates are facing a thermal runaway backwards in time, due to the power‐law dependence of heat loss on temperature. To explore the effect of surface dynamics on Earth's cooling rate, we build a two‐dimensional temperature‐dependent model of plate tectonics that relies on a force balance for each plate and on Earth‐like parameterized behaviors for the motion, creation, and disappearance of plate boundaries. While our model predicts the expected thermal runaway if plate boundaries are fixed, we obtain an average cooling rate consistent with geochemical estimates if the geometry of plate tectonics evolves through time. For a warmer mantle in the past, plates are faster but also larger (and less numerous) so that the average seafloor age and resulting heat flux always remain moderate. The predicted decrease in the number of plates backwards in time is in good agreement with recent plate reconstructions over the last 400 Myr. Our model also gives plate speed and subduction area flux consistent with these reconstructions. We finally compare the effect of parameters controlling mantle viscosity and individual plate speeds to the effect of localized surface processes, such as oceanization and subduction initiation. We infer that studies of Earth's thermal history should focus on surface processes as they appear to be key control parameters.

中文翻译:

地球的热历史:关于表面过程的重要性和构造板块的大小

地球化学对地幔温度的约束表明,自3 Ga以来,地幔温度有规律地下降约250K。但是,由于功率定律的依赖性,依靠热定标定律进行热对流而没有强板的地球冷却模型在时间上面临着热失控损耗对温度的影响。为了探索表面动力学对地球冷却速率的影响,我们建立了一个二维温度依赖性的板块构造模型,该模型依赖于每个板块的力平衡以及地球运动,产生和消失的类地球参数化行为。板块边界。尽管如果板块边界固定,我们的模型可以预测预期的热失控,但如果板块构造的几何形状随时间变化,我们可以获得与地球化学估计一致的平均冷却速率。对于过去较热的地幔,板块速度更快,但也更大(且数量更少),因此平均海底年龄和由此产生的热通量始终保持适度。预测的时间倒退的板块数量减少与最近的400 Myr上最近的板块重建非常吻合。我们的模型还给出了与这些重建一致的板速和俯冲面积通量。最后,我们将控制地幔粘度和单个板速度的参数与局部表面过程(如洋化和俯冲引发)的影响进行了比较。我们推断,对地球热史的研究应该集中在表面过程上,因为它们似乎是关键的控制参数。板块速度更快,但也更大(数量更少),因此平均海底年龄和由此产生的热通量始终保持中等水平。预测的时间倒退的板块数量减少与最近的400 Myr上最近的板块重建非常吻合。我们的模型还给出了与这些重建一致的板速和俯冲面积通量。最后,我们将控制地幔粘度和单个板速度的参数与局部表面过程(如洋化和俯冲引发)的影响进行了比较。我们推断,对地球热史的研究应该集中在表面过程上,因为它们似乎是关键的控制参数。板块速度更快,但也更大(数量更少),因此平均海底年龄和由此产生的热通量始终保持中等水平。预测的时间倒退的板块数量减少与最近的400 Myr上最近的板块重建非常吻合。我们的模型还给出了与这些重建一致的板速和俯冲面积通量。最后,我们将控制地幔粘度和单个板速度的参数与局部表面过程(如洋化和俯冲引发)的影响进行了比较。我们推断,对地球热史的研究应该集中在表面过程上,因为它们似乎是关键的控制参数。我们的模型还给出了与这些重建一致的板速和俯冲面积通量。最后,我们将控制地幔粘度和单个板速度的参数与局部表面过程(如洋化和俯冲引发)的影响进行了比较。我们推断,对地球热史的研究应该集中在表面过程上,因为它们似乎是关键的控制参数。我们的模型还给出了与这些重建一致的板速和俯冲面积通量。最后,我们将控制地幔粘度和单个板速度的参数与局部表面过程(如洋化和俯冲引发)的影响进行了比较。我们推断,对地球热史的研究应该集中在表面过程上,因为它们似乎是关键的控制参数。
更新日期:2020-11-06
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