Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a global health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share several common risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients.

Scope of review

In this review, we highlight recent epidemiological studies evaluating the link between NAFLD and CVD risk. We further focus on recent mechanistic insights into the links between NAFLD and altered lipoprotein metabolism. We also discuss current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and their potential impact on NAFLD-associated CVD risk.

Major conclusions

Alterations in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are major contributing factors to the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients, and many promising NASH therapies in development also improve dyslipidemia in clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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脂质代谢失调将NAFLD与心血管疾病联系起来

背景

非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）正迅速成为一个全球性的健康问题。心血管疾病（CVD）是 NAFLD 患者最常见的死亡原因。NAFLD 和 CVD 有几个共同的危险因素，包括肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病 (T2D)。在 NAFLD 患者中经常观察到以血浆高甘油三酯血症、小而致密的低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 颗粒增加和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 水平降低为特征的动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常。

审查范围

在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近评估 NAFLD 与 CVD 风险之间联系的流行病学研究。我们进一步关注最近关于 NAFLD 与改变的脂蛋白代谢之间联系的机制见解。我们还讨论了 NAFLD 的当前治疗策略及其对 NAFLD 相关心血管疾病风险的潜在影响。

主要结论

肝脏脂质和脂蛋白代谢的改变是导致 NAFLD 患者 CVD 风险增加的主要因素，许多正在开发的有前景的 NASH 疗法也在临床试验中改善了血脂异常。