Objective

HIV in pregnancy is not only important for mother-to-child HIV transmission, but also it assumes additional importance because HIV increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality in mothers and neonates. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important opportunistic infections in HIV-infected pregnant women. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis (LT) and acute toxoplasmosis (AT) infection in HIV-infected pregnant women.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and SciELO were searched to identify relevant studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall and subgroup-pooled prevalences across studies. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed via the I² test.

Results

A total of 14 articles that included 3256 subjects in nine countries met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence rates of LT and AT in HIV-infected pregnant women were 45.7% (95% CI, 32.3–59.7%) and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.4–3.2%), respectively. The findings indicate that, worldwide, approximately 559,000 and 13,450 HIV-infected pregnant women are affected by LT and AT, respectively. From this review, it is estimated that approximately 3432 babies annually could be born with congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) from HIV-infected pregnant mothers.

Conclusions

The present study indicates that a large number of HIV-infected mothers are affected by LT and AT. This can lead to adverse complications such toxoplasmic encephalitis in mothers and CT in neonates. Our results suggest a need for screening programs using well-validated diagnostic platforms for both LT and AT for all HIV-infected pregnant women.

中文翻译：

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HIV感染孕妇中潜在和急性弓形虫病的患病率：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的

怀孕期间的艾滋病毒不仅对于母婴艾滋病毒传播很重要，而且还具有其他重要性，因为艾滋病毒增加了机会感染的易感性，导致母亲和新生儿的发病率和死亡率增加。弓形体病是感染HIV的孕妇中最重要的机会感染之一。本研究旨在评估HIV感染孕妇中潜在弓形虫病（LT）和急性弓形虫病（AT）感染的患病率。

方法

搜索PubMed / MEDLINE，Scopus，Web of Science，EMBASE和SciELO以识别相关研究。随机效应模型用于估计研究中总体和亚组合并患病率。通过I ²检验评估研究之间的异质性。

结果

共有14篇文章纳入了9个国家的3256个主题，符合纳入标准。在感染艾滋病毒的孕妇中，LT和AT的总体患病率分别为45.7％（95％CI，32.3–59.7％）和1.1％（95％CI，0.4–3.2％）。研究结果表明，在全球范围内，分别有大约559,000和13,450被HIV感染的孕妇受到LT和AT的影响。根据这项评估，估计每年大约有3432例婴儿可能是由感染了HIV的孕妇感染的先天性弓形虫病（CT）。

结论

本研究表明，大量感染了HIV的母亲受到LT和AT的影响。这可能导致不良并发症，如母亲的弓形体脑炎和新生儿的CT。我们的结果表明，需要对所有感染HIV的孕妇使用经过验证的LT和AT诊断平台进行筛查。