A robust, nanofibrous membrane with dual-layer composite structure and remarkable features has been developed in this work. The new membrane is based on the affordable styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer and a commercial hydrophilic nonwoven for the support layer. This can help to step forward the industrialization of the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process for treating the hot dyeing effluent in the textile industry. The modified electrospinning with a gas-jet surrounding the Taylor cone was used for fabricating the membrane samples. Using the gas-assisted electrospinning, a nanofibrous nonwoven structure embedded with micro-cups and micro-spheres can be achieved in a one-step, gas-assisted electrospinning. The hydrophilic substrate was used for enhancing the permeate flux of the resultant composite membrane. The fabricated membrane showed remarkable features in comparison with a commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane, including high surface hydrophobicity (≥148°), higher porosity (≥81%), and smaller tortuosity factor (1.71). The unique properties of the membrane with the best performance provided a promising permeate flux (28.31 kg.m⁻².h⁻¹) and contaminant rejection (R_COD: 98.15%) compared to the commercial membrane (flux: 18.50 kg.m⁻².h⁻¹ and R_COD: 97.10%), without considerable pore wetting. However, the new membrane possessed lower liquid entry pressure (LEP) owing to its higher porosity, larger maximum pore size (0.76 μm), and thinner structure (150 μm). Results indicated that the decline in the permeate flux was mainly caused by the cake layer formation on the surface of the membrane rather than the partial pore wetting during the long-term operation for 48 h. Therefore, the newly developed nanofibrous SAN membrane with hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite structure is a promising, robust candidate for DCMD application in the textile wastewater treatment.

这项工作开发出了具有双层复合结构和显着特征的坚固的纳米纤维膜。新的膜基于可负担的苯乙烯-丙烯腈（SAN）聚合物和商用亲水性非织造布作为支撑层。这可以帮助推动直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）工艺的工业化，以处理纺织工业中的热染色废水。使用围绕泰勒锥的气体喷射的改进的电纺丝来制造膜样品。使用气体辅助静电纺丝，可以一步一步进行气体辅助静电纺丝，制成嵌入微杯和微球的纳米纤维非织造结构。亲水性基材用于增强所得复合膜的渗透通量。与市售的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）膜相比，制成的膜具有显着的特征，包括高表面疏水性（≥148°），更高的孔隙率（≥81％）和较小的曲折系数（1.71）。具有最佳性能的膜的独特性能提供了有希望的渗透通量（28.31 kg.m^-2 .h ^-1）和污染物_去除率（R _COD：98.15％）与商用膜相比（通量：18.50 kg.m ^-2 .h ^-1和R _COD：97.10％），没有明显的孔润湿。然而，由于其较高的孔隙率，较大的最大孔径（0.76μm）和较薄的结构（150μm），新膜具有较低的液体进入压力（LEP）。结果表明，渗透通量的下降主要是由于在48 h的长期运行过程中，膜表面形成了滤饼层，而不是部分地润湿了孔。因此，新开发的具有疏水/亲水复合结构的纳米纤维SAN膜是DCMD在纺织废水处理中应用的有希望的，强大的候选者。