The physicochemical pretreatment is an important step to reduce biomass recalcitrance and facilitate further processing of plant lignocellulose into bioproducts. This process results in soluble and insoluble biomass fractions, and both may contain by-products that inhibit enzymatic biocatalysts and microbial fermentation. These fermentation inhibitory compounds (ICs) are produced during the degradation of lignin and sugars, resulting in phenolic and furanic compounds, and carboxylic acids. Therefore, detoxification steps may be required to improve lignocellulose conversion by microoganisms. Several physical and chemical methods, such as neutralization, use of activated charcoal and organic solvents, have been developed and recommended for removal of ICs. However, biological processes, especially enzyme-based, have been shown to efficiently remove ICs with the advantage of minimizing environmental issues since they are biogenic catalysts and used in low quantities. This review focuses on describing several enzymatic approaches to promote detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysates and improve the performance of microbial fermentation for the generation of bioproducts. Novel strategies using classical carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), such as laccases (AA1) and peroxidases (AA2), as well as more advanced strategies using prooxidant, antioxidant and detoxification enzymes (dubbed as PADs), i.e. superoxide dismutases, are discussed as perspectives in the field.

中文翻译：

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从木质纤维素水解物中酶法去除抑制性化合物，用于生物质到生物产品的应用

物理化学预处理是减少生物质顽固性和促进植物木质纤维素进一步加工成生物产品的重要步骤。该过程产生可溶和不可溶的生物质部分，并且两者都可能包含抑制酶促生物催化剂和微生物发酵的副产物。这些发酵抑制化合物 (IC) 是在木质素和糖的降解过程中产生的，从而产生酚类和呋喃化合物以及羧酸。因此，可能需要解毒步骤来改善微生物对木质纤维素的转化。已经开发并推荐了几种物理和化学方法，例如中和、使用活性炭和有机溶剂来去除 IC。然而，生物过程，尤其是基于酶的过程，已被证明可以有效地去除 IC，并具有最大限度地减少环境问题的优势，因为它们是生物催化剂并且用量很少。本综述重点描述了几种酶促方法，以促进木质纤维素水解物的解毒并提高微生物发酵生产生物产品的性能。使用经典碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes)，如漆酶 (AA1) 和过氧化物酶 (AA2) 的新策略，以及使用促氧化、抗氧化和解毒酶（称为 PAD），即超氧化物歧化酶的更高级策略，作为观点进行了讨论在该领域。本综述重点描述了几种酶促方法，以促进木质纤维素水解物的解毒并提高微生物发酵生产生物产品的性能。使用经典碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes)，如漆酶 (AA1) 和过氧化物酶 (AA2) 的新策略，以及使用促氧化、抗氧化和解毒酶（称为 PAD），即超氧化物歧化酶的更高级策略，作为观点进行了讨论在该领域。本综述重点描述了几种酶促方法，以促进木质纤维素水解物的解毒并提高微生物发酵生产生物产品的性能。使用经典碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes)，如漆酶 (AA1) 和过氧化物酶 (AA2) 的新策略，以及使用促氧化、抗氧化和解毒酶（称为 PAD），即超氧化物歧化酶的更高级策略，作为观点进行了讨论在该领域。