Abstract

The energy demand of Turkey has been increasing along with increasing life standards and population and growing economy particularly since the 1980s. Most of the oil and natural gas have been imported by Turkey due to insufficient domestic reserves. Nowadays, the population of Turkey is about 83 million. The Turkish economy grew by 3% in the last 30 years and became the 18th largest economy in the world and the 6th one in Europe. Turkey aims to use energy resources efficiently, effectively and eco-friendly. Concerning climate change, Turkey signed the Paris Agreement and pledged a 21% reduction in greenhouse gas emission by the year 2030. While the energy world is in an inevitable transition to green energy, Turkey, which has a huge potential to achieve 100% energy transition in renewable energy, is still the 17th largest country in the utilization of renewable energy. Although Turkey has already reached the 2023 targets concerning the utilization of renewable energy, there is a long path to reach the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The 2030 targets of Turkey are to increase the installed solar capacity up to 38,000 MW, wind capacity up to 25,000 MW and geothermal capacity up to 4000 MW. Turkey officially announced that the utilization of renewable energy will be 32%. However, taking into account the potential and success in 2023 targets, it was seen that 2030 targets should be revised and increased from 32% to at least 50%. This study presents the milestones, challenges and opportunities of Turkey on the way of the energy transition toward renewable up to 2030. The energy goals of Turkey which are to use domestic energy resources efficiently and effectively were discussed and presented in detail. The aim of Turkey is to reduce the energy import dependency (76%). The installed energy capacities, energy consumption and projections, energy security and energy policies of Turkey were also presented.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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土耳其到2030年从化石能源到可再生能源的转变：里程碑，挑战和机遇

摘要

自1980年代以来，土耳其的能源需求随着生活水平和人口的增长以及经济的增长而增长。由于国内储备不足，大多数石油和天然气已由土耳其进口。如今，土耳其的人口约为8300万。在过去的30年中，土耳其经济增长了3％，成为世界第18大经济体和欧洲第6大经济体。土耳其的目标是高效，有效和生态友好地使用能源。关于气候变化，土耳其签署了《巴黎协定》，并承诺到2030年将温室气体排放量减少21％。尽管能源世界正在不可避免地向绿色能源过渡，但土耳其具有实现100％能源过渡的巨大潜力在可再生能源中 仍然是可再生能源利用的第17大国家。尽管土耳其已经实现了2023年利用可再生能源的目标，但要实现减少温室气体排放的目标还有很长的路要走。土耳其的2030年目标是将已安装的太阳能容量增加至38,000 MW，将风能容量增加至25,000 MW，将地热容量增加至4000 MW。土耳其正式宣布，可再生能源的利用率将达到32％。但是，考虑到2023年目标的潜力和成功，人们认为应该修改2030年目标，并将其从32％提高到至少50％。这项研究提出了土耳其在2030年之前向可再生能源过渡的里程碑，挑战和机遇。详细讨论了土耳其有效和有效利用国内能源的能源目标。土耳其的目标是减少能源进口依赖性（76％）。还介绍了土耳其的装机容量，能耗和预测，能源安全和能源政策。

图形摘要