The process of autophagy is integral to cellular function. In this process, proteins, organelles, and metabolites are engulfed in a lipid vesicle and trafficked to a lysosome for degradation. Its central role in protein and organelle homeostasis has piqued interest for autophagy dysfunction as a driver of pathology for a number of diseases including cancer, muscular disorders, neurological disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. For much of its history, the study of autophagy has centered around proteins, however, due to advances in mass spectrometry and refined methodologies, the role of lipids in this essential cellular process has become more apparent. This review discusses the diverse endogenous lipid compounds shown to mediate autophagy. Downstream lipid signaling pathways are also reviewed in the context of autophagy regulation. Specific focus is placed upon the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways as integration hubs for lipid regulation of autophagy.

中文翻译：

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自噬中脂质的信号传导和其他功能：综述

自噬过程是细胞功能不可或缺的一部分。在这个过程中，蛋白质、细胞器和代谢物被脂质囊泡包裹并被运送到溶酶体进行降解。它在蛋白质和细胞器稳态中的核心作用引起了人们对自噬功能障碍的兴趣，因为自噬功能障碍是许多疾病的病理学驱动因素，包括癌症、肌肉疾病、神经系统疾病和非酒精性脂肪肝。在自噬的大部分历史中，自噬的研究都集中在蛋白质上，然而，由于质谱和精细方法的进步，脂质在这一基本细胞过程中的作用变得更加明显。本综述讨论了介导自噬的多种内源性脂质化合物。下游脂质信号通路也在自噬调节的背景下进行了审查。