Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological cancers. Recent studies suggest a crucial role of inflammatory immune system cells in the progression and metastasis of OC. The understanding of inflammatory mechanisms is pivotal for the selection of a biomarker that allows the differentiation between malignant and benign tumors, monitoring the progression of the disease, and identification of patients that will respond to implemented treatment. Our study is aimed at evaluating the profile of IL-6 in the plasma and peritoneal fluid (PF) of patients with various clinical manifestations of OC (). We also examined the relationship between IL-6 and PD-L1/PD-L2 positive CD45⁺CD14⁺ inflammatory cell (MO/MA) levels in three OC environments (TME): peripheral blood (PB), PF, and tumor (TT) and their clinical and prognostic relevance in OC patients. The expression of PD-L1/PD-L2 molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry. The IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA. We found an elevated level of PD-L1/PD-L2 positive MO/MA in TT compared to PB (). Significantly higher () levels of IL-6 were observed in PF of the OC patients than in the benign ovarian tumor group (). Additionally, we found higher IL-6 levels in PF than in the plasma of the OC patients. Interestingly, accumulation of IL-6 was observed in PF of patients with low-differentiated OC and correlated with worse prognosis. Moreover, we observed correlations between the level of IL-6 and CD45⁺CD14⁺ cells and between CD45⁺CD14⁺PD-L1⁺ cells and the IL-6 level in PF. For the first time, we discovered that the higher percentage of CD45⁺CD14⁺PD-L2⁺ cells in PF predicts better survival of OC patients. Our study suggests that CD45⁺CD14⁺PD-L2⁺ cells and IL-6 may be predictive biomarkers for OC patients. Understanding how the composition of TME changes during OC development and progression is a prerequisite for projecting new therapeutic strategies. Overall, further validation research is warranted.

中文翻译：

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PD-L1 + / PD-L2 +表达的白细胞介素6和CD45 + CD14 +炎性细胞在不同卵巢癌患者中的预后及临床价值

卵巢癌（OC）是最致命的妇科癌症之一。最近的研究表明，炎性免疫系统细胞在OC的进展和转移中起着至关重要的作用。对炎症机制的理解对于选择生物标志物至关重要，该标志物可区分恶性和良性肿瘤，监测疾病的进展以及确定对已实施治疗有反应的患者。我们的研究旨在评估各种OC临床表现的患者血浆和腹膜液（PF）中IL-6的分布情况。）。我们还检查了三种OC环境（TME）：外周血（PB），PF和肿瘤（TT）中IL-6与PD-L1 / PD-L2阳性CD45 ⁺ CD14 ⁺炎性细胞（MO / MA）水平之间的关系）及其在OC患者中的临床和预后相关性。通过流式细胞术分析PD-L1 / PD-L2分子的表达。通过ELISA确定IL-6水平。我们发现TT中的PD-L1 / PD-L2阳性MO / MA水平高于PB（）。明显更高（） OC患者的PF中观察到的IL-6水平高于卵巢良性肿瘤组（）。此外，我们发现PF患者的IL-6水平高于OC患者的血浆水平。有趣的是，在低分化OC患者的PF中观察到IL-6的蓄积，并与预后较差相关。此外，我们观察到IL-6和CD45 ⁺ CD14 ⁺细胞水平以及CD45 ⁺ CD14 ⁺ PD-L1 ⁺细胞水平与PF中IL-6水平之间的相关性。我们首次发现PF中CD45 ⁺ CD14 ⁺ PD-L2 ⁺细胞的百分比较高，预示着OC患者的生存率更高。我们的研究表明CD45 ⁺ CD14 ⁺ PD-L2 ⁺细胞和IL-6可能是OC患者的预测生物标志物。了解TME的组成如何在OC发生和发展过程中发生变化，是制定新治疗策略的先决条件。总的来说，有必要进行进一步的验证研究。