Numerical simulations of subsonic and supersonic nonequilibrium air inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) were carried out inside a medium-power 100-kW ICP wind tunnel (ICPWT), which is widely used to study the thermal protection system and the blackout phenomenon of reentry vehicles in the aerospace field. A thermochemical nonequilibrium magneto-hydrodynamic numerical model, which takes into account the coupling of Navier–Stokes equations, electromagnetic-field equations, the four-temperature model, and the 32 chemical reactions of air, was constructed and applied. Basic flow characteristics of the inductive plasma, such as the hot plasma flame beneath the inductive coil, the subsonic-supersonic transition in the conical nozzle, and the vortexes in the torch and in the vacuum chamber, were reproduced successfully. Additionally, the effects of different working parameters (e.g., number of coil turns, mass-flow rate, working pressure, and radius of the discharge tube) of the ICPWT on its flow-field properties were numerically investigated. The numerical results demonstrated that atomic N and O are the most dominant chemical components at the coil center. Five turns of the inductive coil is optimal for this medium-power ICPWT.

中文翻译：

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工作参数对中功率ICP风洞流场数值结果的影响

在中等功率 100 kW ICP 风洞 (ICPWT) 内进行了亚音速和超音速非平衡空气感应耦合等离子体 (ICP) 的数值模拟，该风洞广泛用于研究热保护系统和再入飞行器的停电现象。航空航天领域。构建并应用了一个热化学非平衡磁流体动力学数值模型，该模型考虑了纳维-斯托克斯方程、电磁场方程、四温度模型和空气的32种化学反应的耦合。感应等离子体的基本流动特性，例如感应线圈下方的热等离子体火焰、锥形喷嘴中的亚音速-超音速转变以及炬管和真空室中的涡流，都被成功再现。此外，数值研究了ICPWT的不同工作参数（如线圈匝数、质量流量、工作压力和放电管半径）对其流场特性的影响。数值结果表明，原子 N 和 O 是线圈中心最主要的化学成分。五匝感应线圈最适合这种中等功率的 ICPWT。