Climate change and heavy anthropic pressures are giving rise to important modifications in the rocky benthic communities of the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, sponge assemblages have been deeply affected due to the susceptibility of some species to dramatic phenomena such as mass mortalities or widespread variations in the abundance of other species. For this reason, long-term biodiversity monitoring of the sponge assemblages is important for understanding the direction of changes over time. We studied the sponge fauna living off Tricase Porto (Otranto Strait) and compared its composition with the results of a study conducted in the same area 50 years ago. The comparison indicated that the sponge diversity of this area has strongly increased in the last 50 years and a large number of the sponges recorded in the old survey are still present in the recent community. This evidence matches with other results obtained from different localities of the Mediterranean Sea indicating an increase of sponge diversity, possibly due to the present water warming. The description of two new Demosponge species, Diplastrella boeroi sp. nov. and Spirastrella angulata sp. nov., is also provided.

气候变化和沉重的人类活动压力使地中海多岩石的底栖生物群落发生了重要变化。尤其是，由于某些物种对诸如大量死亡或其他物种的丰富度广泛变化等戏剧性现象的敏感性，海绵组合受到了深远的影响。因此，对海绵组合进行长期生物多样性监测对于了解随时间变化的方向很重要。我们研究了生活在Tricase Porto（奥特朗托海峡）附近的海绵动物区系，并将其组成与50年前在同一地区进行的一项研究结果进行了比较。比较表明，该地区的海绵多样性在过去50年中已大大增加，而在旧社区中记录的大量海绵仍存在于最近的社区中。该证据与从地中海不同地区获得的其他结果相吻合，表明可能是由于目前的水温升高，海绵多样性增加了。描述了两种新的Demo蒲种产狄氏杆菌 十一月 和Spirastrella angulata sp。还提供nov.。