A recent genetic association study 1 identified a gene cluster on chromosome 3 as a risk locus for respiratory failure after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A separate study (COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative) 2 comprising 3,199 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and control individuals showed that this cluster is the major genetic risk factor for severe symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. Here we show that the risk is conferred by a genomic segment of around 50 kilobases in size that is inherited from Neanderthals and is carried by around 50% of people in south Asia and around 16% of people in Europe. Risk of severe COVID-19 is conferred by a genomic segment that is inherited from Neanderthals and is carried by around 50% and 16% of people in south Asia and Europe, respectively.

中文翻译：

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严重 COVID-19 的主要遗传风险因素来自尼安德特人

最近的一项遗传关联研究 1 将 3 号染色体上的基因簇确定为感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 后呼吸衰竭的风险位点。一项单独的研究（COVID-19 宿主遗传学倡议）2 包括 3,199 名 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 住院患者和对照个体，表明该集群是 SARS-CoV-2 感染和住院后出现严重症状的主要遗传风险因素. 在这里，我们表明风险是由从尼安德特人那里继承的大约 50 千碱基大小的基因组片段赋予的，并且由南亚约 50% 的人和欧洲约 16% 的人携带。