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Impact of prebiotics on immune response: from the bench to the clinic
Immunology and Cell Biology ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 , DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12409
Radha Pujari 1 , Gautam Banerjee 1
Affiliation  

Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the immunomodulatory role exerted by prebiotics in regulating the immune response. In this review, we describe the mechanistic and clinical studies that decipher the cell signaling pathways implicated in the process. Prebiotic fibers are conventionally known to serve as substrate for probiotic commensal bacteria that release of short‐chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract along with several other metabolites. Subsequently, they then act on the local as well as the systemic immune cells and the gut‐associated epithelial cells, primarily through G‐protein‐coupled receptor‐mediated pathways. However, other pathways including histone deacetylase inhibition and inflammasome pathway have also been implicated in regulating the immunomodulatory effect. The prebiotics can also induce a microbiota‐independent effect by directly acting on the gut‐associated epithelial and innate immune cells through the Toll‐like receptors. The cumulative effect results in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity and modulation of innate immunity through secretion of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, switches in macrophage polarization and function, neutrophil recruitment and migration, dendritic cell and regulatory T‐cell differentiation. Extending these in vitro and ex vivo observations, some prebiotics have been well investigated, with successful human and animal trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in health endpoints across populations. This review discusses scientific insights into the association between prebiotics, innate immunity and gut microbiome from in vitro to human oral intervention.

中文翻译:

益生元对免疫反应的影响:从实验室到临床

几项临床前和临床研究表明,益生元在调节免疫反应方面发挥着免疫调节作用。在这篇综述中,我们描述了破译该过程中涉及的细胞信号通路的机制和临床研究。众所周知,益生元纤维可作为益生菌共生菌的底物,在肠道中释放短链脂肪酸和其他几种代谢物。随后,它们主要通过 G 蛋白偶联受体介导的途径作用于局部以及全身免疫细胞和肠道相关上皮细胞。然而,包括组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制和炎症小体途径在内的其他途径也与调节免疫调节作用有关。益生元还可以通过 Toll 样受体直接作用于肠道相关上皮细胞和先天免疫细胞,从而诱导微生物群独立效应。累积效应通过促炎和抗炎细胞因子的分泌、巨噬细胞极化和功能的转换、中性粒细胞的募集和迁移、树突状细胞和调节性 T 细胞分化来维持上皮屏障的完整性和调节先天免疫。扩展这些 中性粒细胞募集和迁移、树突细胞和调节性 T 细胞分化。扩展这些 中性粒细胞募集和迁移、树突细胞和调节性 T 细胞分化。扩展这些在体外离体观察中,一些益生元得到了很好的研究,成功的人体和动物试验证明了肠道微生物和免疫生物标志物之间的关联,从而改善了整个人群的健康终点。本综述讨论了从体外到人类口腔干预的益生元、先天免疫和肠道微生物组之间关联的科学见解。
更新日期:2020-09-30
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