Geochemical data have been used as the most effective proxies for determining palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental conditions. In this article, we conduct a systematic review on a variety of geochemical data of sediments that are considered proxies for tracing palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental information. Comprehensive studies have been carried out on the palaeoproductivity, redox conditions, palaeoclimate, and the acquired data on the enrichment mechanism of organic matter have been summarized. The general mechanisms of the geochemical data regarded as the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental archives include the characteristics of mineral composition, major and trace elements, and rare earth elements. The palaeoproductivity index, including the Ba and P, indicate that the organic‐rich shale was deposited in a high‐productivity water column. The trace elements revealed that the Longmaxi units recorded variable redox conditions from anoxic to aerobic. The elements V, U, Th, Ni, and Co together with the U/Th, V/Cr, Ni/Co, and V/(V + Ni) are essential indicators for defining the redox conditions. The NASC‐normalized REE + Y distribution indicates that the Longmaxi Formation was slightly altered by detrital materials in reduced and acidic environments. The Sr/Cu and MgO/CaO all reveal that the palaeoclimate was gradually transformed from humid to dry heat. The Sr/Ba ratio implies that the water depth fluctuates frequently at the early stage of sedimentation. All geochemical data integrated with the sedimentary characteristics show that anoxic conditions, high palaeoproductivity, and relatively humid palaeoclimates contributed to the accumulation of organic‐rich shale. We propose that jointly utilizing various geochemical and sedimentary indices can expand the outlook of the palaeoenvironment and provide a better understanding of the organic matter accumulation mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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华南四川盆地昭通地区下志留统龙马溪组古环境分析：对有机质积累机制的启示

地球化学数据已被用作确定古气候和古环境条件的最有效的代理。在本文中，我们对各种沉积物的地球化学数据进行了系统的综述，这些数据被认为是追踪古气候和古环境信息的代理。对古生产力，氧化还原条件，古气候进行了综合研究，并总结了有关有机质富集机理的数据。被视为古气候和古环境档案的地球化学数据的一般机制包括矿物成分，主要和微量元素以及稀土元素的特征。古生产力指数，包括Ba和P，表明富含有机物的页岩沉积在高产水柱中。微量元素表明，Longmaxi单位记录了从缺氧到有氧的各种氧化还原条件。元素V，U，Th，Ni和Co以及U / Th，V / Cr，Ni / Co和V /（V + Ni）是定义氧化还原条件的重要指标。NASC归一化的REE + Y分布表明，在还原性和酸性环境中，碎屑物质对Longmaxi组略有改变。Sr / Cu和MgO / CaO都表明古气候从湿热逐渐转变为干热。Sr / Ba比值意味着在沉积的早期，水深经常波动。结合沉积特征的所有地球化学数据表明，缺氧条件，高古生产力，相对潮湿的古气候导致了富含有机物的页岩的堆积。我们建议，共同利用各种地球化学和沉积指数可以扩大古环境的前景，并提供对有机物积累机制的更好理解。