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Long‐term accumulation, depth distribution, and speciation of silver nanoparticles in biosolids‐amended soils
Journal of Environmental Quality ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20156
Stephen E. Taylor 1, 2, 3 , Carolyn I. Pearce 3 , Indranil Chowdhury 4 , Libor Kovarik 5 , Ian Leavy 3 , Steven Baum 3 , Andy I. Bary 1, 2 , Markus Flury 1, 2
Affiliation  

Biosolids can be a source of metals and metal nanoparticles. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize the accumulation and transport of silver (Ag) in a natural soil that has received agronomically recommended rates of biosolids as fertilizer from 1994 to 2017. Total Ag concentrations were measured in biosolids and soil samples collected from 0 to 10 cm between 1996 and 2017. The depth distribution of Ag in soil to 60-cm depth was measured in 2017. Electron microscopy, in combination with X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the Ag. The Ag concentrations in the biosolids-amended soil increased steadily from 1996 until 2007, after which the concentrations leveled off at about 1.25 mg Ag kg-1 soil. This corresponded with a decrease of Ag concentrations in biosolids over time. The majority of the Ag (82%) was confined to the top 10 cm of the soil, small amounts (14%) were detected at 10-to-20-cm depth, and trace amounts (4%) were detected at 30-to-40-cm depth. The Ag in the biosolids was identified as S-containing nanoparticles (Ag2 S) with a diameter of 10-12 nm; however, in soil, the Ag concentrations were too low to allow identification of Ag speciation. This study shows that in a real-world field scenario, biosolids applied at agronomic rates represent a long-term, economically viable source of crop nutrients without increasing the concentration of total Ag in soil above a maximum of 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 . This concentration is below estimated ecotoxicity limits for Ag2 S in soil.

中文翻译:

银纳米粒子在生物固体改良土壤中的长期积累、深度分布和形态

生物固体可以是金属和金属纳米颗粒的来源。本研究的目的是量化和表征银 (Ag) 在 1994 年至 2017 年间接受农艺推荐的生物固体肥料作为肥料的天然土壤中的积累和运输。 测量从收集的生物固体和土壤样品中的总 Ag 浓度1996 年至 2017 年间为 0 至 10 厘米。2017 年测量了土壤中 Ag 的深度分布至 60 厘米深度。电子显微镜结合 X 射线光谱和 X 射线吸收光谱用于表征 Ag。从 1996 年到 2007 年,生物固体改良土壤中的银浓度稳定增加,之后浓度稳定在约 1.25 mg Ag kg-1 土壤。这与生物固体中的 Ag 浓度随时间降低相对应。大多数 Ag (82%) 被限制在土壤的顶部 10 cm,在 10 到 20 cm 深度检测到少量 (14%),在 30-cm 深度检测到痕量 (4%)到 40 厘米深。生物固体中的银被鉴定为直径为10-12纳米的含硫纳米颗粒(Ag2S);然而,在土壤中,Ag 浓度太低,无法识别 Ag 形态。这项研究表明,在真实的田间场景中,以农艺用量施用的生物固体代表了一种长期、经济可行的作物养分来源,而不会将土壤中总 Ag 的浓度增加到最高 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 以上。该浓度低于土壤中 Ag2 S 的估计生态毒性限值。在 30 至 40 厘米深度处检测到痕量 (4%)。生物固体中的银被鉴定为直径为10-12纳米的含硫纳米颗粒(Ag2S);然而,在土壤中,Ag 浓度太低,无法识别 Ag 形态。这项研究表明,在真实的田间场景中,以农艺用量施用的生物固体代表了一种长期、经济可行的作物养分来源,而不会将土壤中总 Ag 的浓度增加到最高 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 以上。该浓度低于土壤中 Ag2 S 的估计生态毒性限值。在 30 至 40 厘米深度处检测到痕量 (4%)。生物固体中的银被鉴定为直径为10-12纳米的含硫纳米颗粒(Ag2S);然而,在土壤中,Ag 浓度太低,无法识别 Ag 形态。这项研究表明,在真实的田间场景中,以农艺用量施用的生物固体代表了一种长期、经济可行的作物养分来源,而不会将土壤中总 Ag 的浓度增加到最高 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 以上。该浓度低于土壤中 Ag2 S 的估计生态毒性限值。这项研究表明,在真实的田间场景中,以农艺用量施用的生物固体代表了一种长期、经济可行的作物养分来源,而不会将土壤中总 Ag 的浓度增加到最高 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 以上。该浓度低于土壤中 Ag2 S 的估计生态毒性限值。这项研究表明,在真实的田间场景中,以农艺用量施用的生物固体代表了一种长期、经济可行的作物养分来源,而不会将土壤中总 Ag 的浓度增加到最高 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 以上。该浓度低于土壤中 Ag2 S 的估计生态毒性限值。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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