Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder, most often characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania and depression. Bipolar disorder predominantly affects young adults. Patients with bipolar disorder have a waxing and waning clinical course and experience multiple relapses and remissions. Furthermore, they face notable difficulties in achieving balance in important aspects of life: mood, sleep, overall quality of life, and are also prone to suicidal deaths. Bipolar disorders are associated with significant mortality and morbidity and require immense clinical expertise to manage. Lithium has been one among universally accepted, long term stabilizing prophylactic agents in patients with bipolar disorders.

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锂：权衡肾毒性对获益的潜在风险

躁郁症是一种精神病，通常以躁狂，轻躁狂和抑郁发作为特征。双相情感障碍主要影响年轻人。躁郁症患者的临床病情逐渐恶化，并经历多次复发和缓解。此外，他们在实现生活重要方面的平衡方面面临显着困难：情绪，睡眠，整体生活质量，还容易自杀死亡。躁郁症与严重的死亡率和发病率有关，需要大量的临床专业知识来管理。锂已经成为双相情感障碍患者普遍接受的长期稳定的预防药物之一。