Plant virus transport complementation is classically observed as a helper virus allowing another virus to regain cell-to-cell or systemic movement through a restrictive host plant (Malyshenko et al., 1989). The complementation effect is usually studied by observing virus infection after co-infection or super-inoculation of the helper virus. We herein demonstrate the utility of functionally deficient viral vectors as tools to determine the contribution of individual viral genes to plant viral transport complementation. Two functionally deficient viral vectors were engineered that derive from foxtail mosaic potexvirus and sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus, namely FECT (FoMV Eliminate CP and TGB, (Liu and Kearney, 2010)) and SHEC (SHMV Eliminate CP gene, (Liu and Kearney, 2010)), respectively. FECT had all the ORFs removed except for the replicase and thus is defective for both long-distance and cell-to-cell movement. SHEC lacked only the coat protein ORF and retained the movement protein (MP) and is functional for cell-to-cell movement. When FECT and SHEC vectors were inoculated with the silencing suppressor p19 in different zones of the same leaf, FECT was enabled to express its reporter gene beyond the original inoculation zone. When FECT, SHEC, and p19 were individually inoculated in separate zones, both FECT and SHEC reporter gene expression was observed within the p19 zone, distant from the original virus inoculation points. These observations indicate that SHEC movement protein could create a trafficking network to allow viral RNAs of FECT and SHEC and p19/p19 transcript to move from cell to cell. This system provides a tool to visually monitor the movement of viruses and silencing suppressors as well as to identify the effects of individual viral components on virus movement.

植物病毒运输互补通常被视为一种辅助病毒，允许另一种病毒通过限制性宿主植物重新获得细胞间或全身运动（Malyshenko 等，1989）。互补效应通常通过观察辅助病毒共感染或重叠接种后的病毒感染来研究。我们在此证明了功能缺陷病毒载体作为确定单个病毒基因对植物病毒运输互补作用的贡献的工具的效用。设计了两种功能缺陷的病毒载体，它们源自狐尾花叶病毒和 Sunn-hemp 花叶烟草病毒，即 FECT（FoMV Eliminate CP 和 TGB，（Liu 和 Kearney，2010））和 SHEC（SHMV Eliminate CP 基因，（Liu 和 Kearney， 2010))，分别。FECT 去除了除复制酶之外的所有 ORF，因此对于长距离和细胞间运动都有缺陷。SHEC 仅缺少外壳蛋白 ORF 并保留了运动蛋白 (MP)，并且具有细胞间运动的功能。当 FECT 和 SHEC 载体在同一片叶子的不同区域用沉默抑制子 p19 接种时，FECT 能够在原始接种区域之外表达其报告基因。当 FECT、SHEC 和 p19 在不同的区域单独接种时，在远离原始病毒接种点的 p19 区域内观察到 FECT 和 SHEC 报告基因的表达。这些观察表明，SHEC 运动蛋白可以创建一个运输网络，允许 FECT 和 SHEC 的病毒 RNA 以及 p19/p19 转录物在细胞之间移动。