The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, started in late 2019; in a short time, it has spread rapidly all over the world. Although some possible antiviral and anti-inflammatory medications are available, thousands of people are dying daily. Well-understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is not only essential for the development of new treatments/vaccines, but it also can be used for improving the sensitivity and specificity of current approaches for virus detection. Accordingly, we reviewed the most critical findings related to the genetics of the SARS-CoV-2, with a specific focus on genetic diversity and reported mutations, molecular-based diagnosis assays, using interfering RNA technology for the treatment of patients, and genetic-related vaccination strategies. Additionally, considering the unanswered questions or uncertainties in these regards, different topics were discussed.

由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的 2019 年新型冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 爆发于 2019 年底；在很短的时间内，它迅速传播到世界各地。尽管有一些可能的抗病毒和抗炎药物可用，但每天仍有成千上万的人死亡。充分了解 SARS-CoV-2 基因组不仅对于开发新疗法/疫苗至关重要，而且还可用于提高当前病毒检测方法的灵敏度和特异性。因此，我们回顾了与 SARS-CoV-2 遗传学相关的最关键发现，特别关注遗传多样性和报告的突变、基于分子的诊断分析、使用干扰 RNA 技术治疗患者以及遗传-相关的疫苗接种策略。此外，