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Economic viability, energy and nutrient balances of site-specific fertilisation for citrus
Biosystems Engineering ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.09.007
André F. Colaço , Larissa G. Pagliuca , Thiago L. Romanelli , José P. Molin

Core objectives of precision agriculture are to improve the economic and environmental performance of agricultural systems. This study used a long-term experiment in citrus to assess whether site-specific nutrient management was successful from these two perspectives. Variable and uniform rate fertilisation treatments were implemented in intercalated strips across two 25 ha citrus groves in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. To generate variable rate recommendations, information from soil fertility and yield maps were fed into a traditional recommendation formula used by growers. The experiment was carried out for five growing seasons. An economic, energy and nutrient balance analysis was conducted. Variable rate application increased average yield in grove 1 but sometimes reduced yield in grove 2. As a consequence, profit was increased by 34.7% (US$ ∗ 318.5 ha−1 year−1) in grove 1. In grove 2, profit was reduced by 8.5% (US$ −97.4 ha−1 year−1). Embodied fertiliser energy was reduced by 34% in grove 1 and by 29% in grove 2. Nutrient surplus after harvest was reduced by approximately 20–70% depending on the nutrient. Maps of economic and environmental indicators showed that site-specific management did not reduce the spatial variability of the system's performance. The variable rate strategy tested could be improved by using local decision rules rather than generalised recommendation formulas. Site-specific analysis of profit, embodied energy and nutrient balance help to assess system performance and can potentially improve decisions in site-specific nutrient management.

中文翻译:

柑橘定点施肥的经济可行性、能量和养分平衡

精准农业的核心目标是提高农业系统的经济和环境绩效。本研究使用柑橘的长期实验,从这两个角度评估特定地点的营养管理是否成功。在巴西圣保罗州的两个 25 公顷柑橘园的插层中实施了可变和均匀施肥处理。为了生成可变速率推荐,来自土壤肥力和产量地图的信息被输入到种植者使用的传统推荐公式中。试验进行了五个生长季节。进行了经济、能量和营养平衡分析。可变比率应用提高了树林 1 的平均产量,但有时会降低树林 2 的产量。 因此,利润增加了 34.7%(美元 ∗ 318. 5 ha−1 year−1) 在树林 1 中。在树林 2 中,利润减少了 8.5%(US$ −97.4 ha−1 year−1)。树丛 1 中的化肥能量减少了 34%,树丛 2 中减少了 29%。收获后的营养过剩减少了大约 20-70%,具体取决于养分。经济和环境指标地图显示,特定地点的管理并没有减少系统性能的空间变异性。可以通过使用本地决策规则而不是广义推荐公式来改进所测试的可变利率策略。特定地点的利润、隐含能量和养分平衡分析有助于评估系统性能,并有可能改进特定地点养分管理的决策。树丛 1 中的化肥能量减少了 34%,树丛 2 中减少了 29%。收获后的营养过剩减少了大约 20-70%,具体取决于养分。经济和环境指标地图显示,特定地点的管理并没有减少系统性能的空间变异性。可以通过使用本地决策规则而不是广义推荐公式来改进所测试的可变利率策略。特定地点的利润、隐含能量和养分平衡分析有助于评估系统性能,并有可能改进特定地点养分管理的决策。树丛 1 中的化肥能量减少了 34%,树丛 2 中减少了 29%。收获后的营养过剩减少了大约 20-70%,具体取决于养分。经济和环境指标地图显示,特定地点的管理并没有减少系统性能的空间变异性。可以通过使用本地决策规则而不是广义推荐公式来改进所测试的可变利率策略。特定地点的利润、隐含能量和养分平衡分析有助于评估系统性能,并有可能改进特定地点养分管理的决策。经济和环境指标地图显示,特定地点的管理并没有减少系统性能的空间变异性。可以通过使用本地决策规则而不是广义推荐公式来改进所测试的可变利率策略。特定地点的利润、隐含能量和养分平衡分析有助于评估系统性能,并有可能改进特定地点养分管理的决策。经济和环境指标地图显示,特定地点的管理并没有减少系统性能的空间变异性。可以通过使用本地决策规则而不是广义推荐公式来改进所测试的可变利率策略。特定地点的利润、隐含能量和养分平衡分析有助于评估系统性能,并有可能改进特定地点养分管理的决策。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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