Abstract To meet the urgent needs of emergency observation missions, a well-designed constellation is key to ensuring system performance. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization framework which is well suited for constellation designers to identify key trade-offs and make decisions. Firstly, this work investigates the metrics of responsiveness and coverage simultaneously to approximate to the actual conditions of emergencies, and a multi-objective mathematical model is constructed to explore solutions to enhance the overall system performance. Then, according to the characteristics of emergency missions, a hierarchical chromosome encoding method is proposed in the framework to encode a solution that explores different sized constellations without constraining its specific geometry. Finally, we propose the use of radial axes plots to help constellation designers to gain pragmatic insights for informed decision making. The simulation of disaster management verifies that the proposed chromosome encoding method effectively promotes the convergence of the algorithm, and the multi-objective optimization framework helps to generate a rapid and adequate observation satellite constellation to provide maximum coverage performance while ensuring timeliness.

中文翻译：

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应急观测星座设计的多目标优化框架

摘要 为满足应急观测任务的迫切需求，设计良好的星座是保障系统性能的关键。本文提出了一个多目标优化框架，非常适合星座设计者识别关键权衡并做出决策。首先，这项工作同时研究响应性和覆盖率的指标以接近紧急情况的实际情况，并构建多目标数学模型以探索提高整体系统性能的解决方案。然后，根据应急任务的特点，在框架中提出了一种分层染色体编码方法，以编码一种解决方案，探索不同大小的星座，而不限制其特定的几何形状。最后，我们建议使用径向轴图来帮助星座设计师获得务实的见解，以做出明智的决策。灾害管理仿真验证了所提出的染色体编码方法有效促进了算法的收敛，多目标优化框架有助于生成快速充足的观测卫星星座，在保证及时性的同时提供最大的覆盖性能。