Metal clusters have drawn continuous interest because of their high potential for the assembly of matter with special properties that may significantly differ from the corresponding bulk. Controlled combination of particular elements in one nanoparticle can increase the options for the creation of new materials for photonic, catalytic, or electronic applications. Superfluid helium droplets provide confinement and ultralow temperature, i.e. an ideal environment for the atom-by-atom aggregation of a new nanoparticle. This perspective presents a review of the current research progress on the synthesis of tailored metal and metal oxide clusters including core–shell designs, their characterization within the helium droplet beam, deposition on various solid substrates, and analysis via surface diagnostics. Special attention is given to the thermal properties of mixed metal clusters and questions about alloy formation on the nanoscale. Experimental results are accompanied by theoretical approaches employing computational chemistry, molecular dynamics simulations and He density functional theory.

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氦滴中合成的金属团簇：实验和理论的结构和动力学

金属簇由于其具有特殊性质的物质组装的巨大潜力而​​引起了持续的关注，这些物质可能与相应的本体有很大的不同。在一个纳米粒子中特定元素的受控组合可以增加为光子，催化或电子应用创建新材料的可能性。超流体氦滴提供了封闭性和超低温，即新纳米粒子逐个原子聚集的理想环境。该观点提出了关于合成的定制金属和金属氧化物簇的当前研究进展的综述，包括核-壳设计，其在氦气滴束中的表征，在各种固体基质上的沉积以及通过表面诊断。特别注意混合金属团簇的热性能以及有关纳米尺度上合金形成的问题。实验结果伴随着采用计算化学，分子动力学模拟和He密度泛函理论的理论方法。