African blackwood (ABW: Dalbergia melanoxylon) is a valuable tree in Tanzanian local community forests, and heartwood has been mainly utilized as an irreplaceable material in musical instruments, e.g., clarinet, oboe and piccolo. Since its use is generally for the production of musical instruments only, most of the harvested volume is wasted due to defects that would affect the quality of final products. Wood flow forming can transform bulk woods into materials in temperature/pressure-controlled mold via plastic flow deformation. The main object of this study was to evaluate the deformation characteristics of ABW heartwood in developing the potential of wasted ABW parts in terms of the effective material use. The deformation characteristics of heartwood were examined by free compression tests. Specimens were compressed along the radial direction at 120 °C, and air-dried heartwood was dramatically deformed in the tangential direction. The plastic flow deformation of ABW was amplified by the presence of both extractives and moisture. In particular, the ethanol/benzene (1:2, v/v) soluble extractives in heartwood may have contributed to flow deformation. The results of the dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the air-dried heartwood exhibited softening in a temperature range over 50 °C. The ethanol/benzene-soluble extractives contributed to the softening behavior. The clarified deformation characteristics of ABW can contribute to more efficient material use of local forests.

中文翻译：

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非洲黑木，黑檀木的流动变形特性

非洲黑木（ABW：Dalbergia melanoxylon）是坦桑尼亚当地社区森林中的名贵树木，心材主要用作单簧管，双簧管和短笛等乐器中不可替代的材料。由于通常仅将其用于乐器的生产，因此大部分收获体积由于会影响最终产品质量的缺陷而被浪费了。木材流动成型可以通过塑性流动变形将大块木材转变为温度/压力受控的模具中的材料。这项研究的主要目的是评估ABW心材的变形特性，以便根据有效的材料使用来开发浪费的ABW零件的潜力。通过自由压缩试验检查心材的变形特性。样品在120°C时沿径向压缩，风干心材在切线方向上急剧变形。萃取物和水分的存在会放大ABW的塑性流动变形。特别是，心材中的乙醇/苯（1：2，v / v）可溶性提取物可能导致了流动变形。动态力学分析的结果表明，风干心材在超过50℃的温度范围内表现出软化。乙醇/苯可溶提取物有助于软化行为。明确的ABW变形特征可有助于更有效地利用当地森林。萃取物和水分的存在会放大ABW的塑性流动变形。特别是，心材中的乙醇/苯（1：2，v / v）可溶性提取物可能导致了流动变形。动态力学分析的结果表明，风干心材在超过50℃的温度范围内表现出软化。乙醇/苯可溶提取物有助于软化行为。明确的ABW变形特征可有助于更有效地利用当地森林。萃取物和水分的存在会放大ABW的塑性流动变形。特别是，心材中的乙醇/苯（1：2，v / v）可溶性提取物可能导致了流动变形。动态力学分析的结果表明，风干心材在超过50℃的温度范围内表现出软化。乙醇/苯可溶提取物有助于软化行为。明确的ABW变形特征可有助于更有效地利用当地森林。乙醇/苯可溶提取物有助于软化行为。明确的ABW变形特征可有助于更有效地利用当地森林。乙醇/苯可溶提取物有助于软化行为。明确的ABW变形特征可有助于更有效地利用当地森林。