The results from analyses of botanical remains (pollen, wood, charcoal, seeds) from several archaeological features excavated in Kluizen (northern Belgium) are presented. The region was largely uninhabited until the Iron Age and Roman period when a rural settlement was established, resulting in small-scale woodland clearance. The site was subsequently abandoned from c. AD 270 till the High Middle Ages. The results of the archaeological and archaeobotanical analyses provide information on changes in land use and resulting dynamics of woodland cover and composition between c.600 BC and AD 1200, with a spatial and temporal resolution unrivalled in northern Belgium. Especially the long period of woodland regeneration following abandonment of the site around AD 270, covering the Late Roman and Early Medieval period, could be reconstructed in detail. Abandoned fields were first covered with pioneer woodland (Salix, Corylus and Betula), then Quercus-dominated secondary forest and finally a late-successional forest with Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus and Ilex aquifolium, an evolution that took over 300 years. The results also indicate that the observed increase of Fagus during the Early Middle Ages, which was never an important element in the woodland vegetation in northern Belgium before, was related to climatic changes rather than anthropogenic factors.

中文翻译：

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黑暗时代的林地恢复和山毛榉的扩张：比利时北部罗马到中世纪过渡时期土地利用变化和相关林地动态的研究

介绍了对在 Kluizen（比利时北部）出土的几个考古特征的植物遗骸（花粉、木材、木炭、种子）的分析结果。直到铁器时代和罗马时期建立了农村定居点，该地区基本上无人居住，导致小规模的林地清理。该网站随后被遗弃C。公元270年直到中世纪。考古和考古植物学分析的结果提供了有关土地利用变化以及由此产生的林地覆盖和组成动态的信息。C。公元前 600 年和公元 1200 年，其空间和时间分辨率在比利时北部无与伦比。尤其是在公元 270 年左右该遗址被废弃后的长期林地再生，涵盖了罗马晚期和中世纪早期，可以详细重建。废弃的田野首先被先驱林地覆盖（柳属,榛属和白桦）， 然后栎属- 占主导地位的次生林，最后是晚演林山楂,白桦和冬青, 历时 300 多年的演变。结果还表明，观察到的增加法古斯在中世纪早期，这在比利时北部的林地植被中从来都不是重要的元素，它与气候变化有关，而不是与人为因素有关。