In 2015 the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations stipulated that certain forms of subsidies that the fishing sector receive must be prohibited. However, the global fishing sector is complex and varied, and as such there remains a need for information on the distribution of subsidies between the different regions and their sub-sectors. This bottom-up study therefore provides up-dated and improved analyses of the financial support fishing sub-sectors receive from public entities. Estimates show that of the USD 35.4 billion of global fisheries subsidies provided in 2018, 19% went to the small-scale fishing sub-sector (SSF), including artisanal, and subsistence fisheries. Whilst more than 80% went to the large-scale (industrial) fishing sub-sector (LSF). Analysis by subsidy category and type shows, for example, that the majority of the subsidies that the LSF receive are in the form of capacity-enhancing subsidies (USD 18.3 billion) with fuel subsidies being the highest overall subsidy type (USD 7.2 billion). Fuel subsidies are especially harmful as they perpetuate fuel inefficient technology. Since the last estimate of the global fisheries subsidies divide, the percentage of capacity-enhancing subsidies within the SSF has increased from 41% in 2009 to 59% in 2018. When assessing the level of subsidization per active fisher at the global scale, a fisher involved in LSF receives disproportionally (3.5 times) more subsidies than a fisher involved in SSF and in terms of subsidies per landed value LSF receive twice as many subsidies per dollar landed than SSF. This unequal distribution of government support exacerbates the ongoing political and economic marginalization of SSF, globally. The Sustainable Development Goals and the supporting science are quite clear, we must remove all capacity-enhancing subsidies across all sub-sectors and regions which exacerbate overcapacity and overfishing, in order to ensure the sustainability of our fish stocks. Our recommendation is that capacity-enhancing subsidies be removed and instead used to support fishers through coastal fishing community projects that focus on fisheries sustainability, social justice and food security, rather than on reducing the cost of fishing or artificially enhancing profits through the provision of harmful subsidization.

中文翻译：

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全球渔业补贴分为小型和大型渔业

2015 年联合国可持续发展目标规定，必须禁止渔业部门获得某些形式的补贴。然而，全球渔业部门复杂多样，因此仍然需要有关不同区域及其子部门之间补贴分配的信息。因此，这项自下而上的研究提供了对渔业子行业从公共实体获得的财政支持的最新和改进的分析。估计显示，在 2018 年提供的 354 亿美元全球渔业补贴中，19% 用于小规模渔业子部门（SSF），包括手工和自给渔业。而超过 80% 的部分流向了大规模（工业）渔业子行业（LSF）。例如，按补贴类别和类型进行的分析显示，LSF 获得的大部分补贴都是以容量提升补贴的形式（183 亿美元），其中燃料补贴是最高的总体补贴类型（72 亿美元）。燃料补贴尤其有害，因为它们使燃料低效技术永久化。自上次全球渔业补贴鸿沟估算以来，小规模渔业中能力提升补贴的百分比从 2009 年的 41% 增加到 2018 年的 59%。 在评估全球范围内每个活跃渔民的补贴水平时，一名渔民参与 LSF 的渔民获得的补贴多于参与 SSF 的渔民（3.5 倍），而且就每上岸价值的补贴而言，LSF 每上岸一美元获得的补贴是 SSF 的两倍。政府支持的这种不平等分配加剧了全球范围内 SSF 持续的政治和经济边缘化。可持续发展目标和支持科学非常明确，我们必须取消所有子行业和地区加剧产能过剩和过度捕捞的能力增强补贴，以确保我们鱼类资源的可持续性。我们的建议是取消提高能力的补贴，而是通过沿海渔业社区项目来支持渔民，这些项目侧重于渔业可持续性、社会正义和粮食安全，而不是通过提供有害的物质来降低捕捞成本或人为地增加利润。补贴。我们必须取消所有分部门和区域的所有加剧产能过剩和过度捕捞的能力增强补贴，以确保我们鱼类种群的可持续性。我们的建议是取消提高能力的补贴，而是通过沿海渔业社区项目来支持渔民，这些项目侧重于渔业可持续性、社会正义和粮食安全，而不是通过提供有害的物质来降低捕捞成本或人为地增加利润。补贴。我们必须取消所有分部门和区域的所有加剧产能过剩和过度捕捞的能力增强补贴，以确保我们鱼类种群的可持续性。我们的建议是取消提高能力的补贴，而是通过沿海渔业社区项目来支持渔民，这些项目侧重于渔业可持续性、社会正义和粮食安全，而不是通过提供有害的物质来降低捕捞成本或人为地增加利润。补贴。