Neurons are polarized in structure with a cytoplasmic compartment extending into dendrites and a long axon that terminates at the synapse. The high level of compartmentalization imposes specific challenges for protein quality control in neurons making them vulnerable to disturbances that may lead to neurological dysfunctions including neuropsychiatric diseases. Synapse and dendrites undergo structural modulations regulated by neuronal activity involve key proteins requiring strict control of their turnover rates and degradation pathways. Recent advances in the study of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy processes have brought novel insights into the specific roles of these processes in neuronal physiology and synaptic signaling. In this review, we highlight recent data and concepts about UPR and autophagy in neuropsychiatric disorders and synaptic plasticity including a brief outline of possible therapeutic approaches to influence UPR and autophagy signaling in these diseases.

神经元在结构上极化，具有延伸到树突的胞质区室和终止于突触的长轴突。高水平的区室化对神经元的蛋白质质量控​​制提出了特殊的挑战，使它们容易受到可能导致神经功能障碍（包括神经精神疾病）的干扰的影响。突触和树突受到神经元活动调节的结构调节，涉及关键蛋白质，需要严格控制其周转率和降解途径。展开蛋白反应（UPR）和自噬过程研究的最新进展为这些过程在神经元生理学和突触信号传导中的特定作用带来了新的见解。在这篇评论中