There are, still, limitations to predicting the occurrence and prognosis of neurological disorders. Biomarkers are molecules that can change in different conditions, a feature that makes them potential tools to improve the diagnosis of disease, establish a prognosis, and monitor treatments. Metabolites can be used as biomarkers, and are small molecules derived from the metabolic process found in different biological media, such as tissue samples, cells, or biofluids. They can be identified using various strategies, targeted or untargeted experiments, and by different techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge about metabolites as biomarkers for neurological disorders. We will present recent developments that show the need and the feasibility of identifying such biomarkers in different neurological disorders, as well as discuss relevant research findings in the field of metabolomics that are helping to unravel the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. Although several relevant results have been reported in metabolomic studies in patients with neurological diseases, there is still a long way to go for the clinical use of metabolites as potential biomarkers in these disorders, and more research in the field is needed.

中文翻译：

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循环代谢物作为神经系统疾病的潜在生物标志物—神经系统疾病中的代谢产物

在预测神经系统疾病的发生和预后方面仍然存在局限性。生物标志物是可以在不同条件下改变的分子，这一特性使其成为改善疾病诊断，确定预后和监测治疗的潜在工具。代谢物可用作生物标记，是在不同生物介质（例如组织样本，细胞或生物流体）中发现的代谢过程中衍生的小分子。可以使用各种策略，有针对性或无针对性的实验，以及通过不同的技术（例如高效液相色谱，质谱或核磁共振）对它们进行识别。在这篇综述中，我们旨在讨论有关代谢物作为神经系统疾病生物标志物的最新知识。我们将介绍表明在不同神经系统疾病中鉴定此类生物标志物的必要性和可行性的最新进展，并讨论代谢组学领域的相关研究发现，这些研究结果有助于揭示神经系统疾病的潜在机制。尽管在神经系统疾病患者的代谢组学研究中已经报告了一些相关的结果，但是将代谢物作为这些疾病的潜在生物标志物的临床应用还有很长的路要走，并且需要在该领域进行更多的研究。