Viral infections are among the main causes of death worldwide, and we lack antivirals for the majority of viruses. Heparin-like sulfated or sulfonated compounds have been known for decades for their ability to prevent infection by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-dependent viruses but only in a reversible way. We have previously shown that gold nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrins coated with mercapto-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) inhibit HSPG-dependent viruses irreversibly while retaining the low-toxicity profile of most heparin-like compounds. In this work, we show that, in stark contrast to heparin, these compounds also inhibit different strains of influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which do not bind HSPG. The antiviral action is virucidal and irreversible for influenza A virus (H1N1), while for VSV, there is a reversible inhibition of viral attachment to the cell. These results further broaden the spectrum of activity of MUS-coated gold nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrins.

中文翻译：

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具有广谱抗病毒活性的磺化纳米材料超越了硫酸乙酰肝素依赖性病毒

病毒感染是全球范围内主要的死亡原因之一，我们对大多数病毒缺乏抗病毒药。数十年来，类肝素的硫酸化或磺化化合物因其具有预防硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖（HSPG）依赖性病毒感染的能力而闻名，但只能以可逆方式进行。先前我们已经表明，涂覆有巯基十一烷磺酸（MUS）的金纳米颗粒和β-环糊精不可逆地抑制HSPG依赖性病毒，同时保留了大多数肝素样化合物的低毒特性。在这项工作中，我们表明，与肝素形成鲜明对比的是，这些化合物还抑制不结合HSPG的流感病毒和水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）的不同菌株。对于A型流感病毒（H1N1），抗病毒作用具有杀伤力且不可逆，而对于VSV，对病毒附着在细胞上有可逆的抑制作用。这些结果进一步拓宽了MUS涂层的金纳米颗粒和β-环糊精的活性谱。