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WRF wind field assessment under multiple forcings using spatialized aircraft data
Meteorological Applications ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 , DOI: 10.1002/met.1920
Federico Carotenuto 1 , Giovanni Gualtieri 1 , Piero Toscano 1 , Franco Miglietta 1 , Beniamino Gioli 1
Affiliation  

The performances of limited area weather models are affected by the choice of core solvers, domain resolutions, and initial and boundary conditions. To understand the extent of such differences on simulated wind fields, weather research and forecast (WRF) simulations initialized by different forcings were extensively compared with an aircraft‐derived high‐resolution data set. The two used forcings were the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The model domain covered a large portion of central western Italy (including part of the Tyrrhenian coast) encompassing the aircraft track and allowed the characterization of their performance across the simulation domain rather than a small set of point‐based observations. The WRF results show good agreement with the aircraft data across the whole flight track with both forcings (root mean square errors (RMSEs) < 2.3 m·s−1 and an average r2 = 0.7). Orography and coasts show an effect on simulated wind fields. The presence of a strong orography (which is smoothed by the model internal terrain elevation model) is associated with increased errors. Distance from the coast is also associated with a variation in RMSE (even if in a non‐straightforward manner) because of potential breeze effects. No forcing data set clearly outperforms the other, while the ECMWF has higher correlation co‐efficients when considering wind direction.

中文翻译:

使用空间化飞机数据的多重强迫下的WRF风场评估

有限区域天气模型的性能受核心求解器的选择,域分辨率以及初始和边界条件的影响。为了了解在模拟风场上这种差异的程度,我们将由不同强迫初始化的天气研究和天气预报(WRF)模拟与飞机衍生的高分辨率数据集进行了广泛比较。使用的两个强迫是欧洲中距离天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA中期再分析和国家环境预报中心(NCEP)气候预报系统再分析(CFSR)。该模型域覆盖了意大利中西部的大部分地区(包括第勒尼安海岸的一部分),涵盖了飞机的航迹,并允许在整个模拟域中表征其性能,而不是一小组基于点的观测。WRF结果表明,在两个力的作用下,整个飞行轨迹上的飞机数据都具有很好的一致性(均方根误差(RMSE)<2.3 m·s-1和平均值r 2 = 0.7)。地形和海岸对模拟风场产生影响。强地形(通过模型内部地形高程模型进行平滑处理)的存在与误差增加相关。由于潜在的微风效应,与海岸的距离也与RMSE的变化有关(即使以非直截了当的方式)。没有强制数据集明显胜过其他数据集,而在考虑风向时,ECMWF具有更高的相关系数。
更新日期:2020-09-29
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