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Earlier and slower or later and faster: Spring migration pace linked to departure time in a Neotropical migrant songbird
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13359
Ana M. González 1, 2 , Nicholas J. Bayly 2 , Keith A. Hobson 1, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Migratory birds travel vast distances and the timing of migratory flights can affect survival and the ability to reproduce. For Neotropical migrant songbirds, early spring departure from wintering sites, early arrival to the breeding grounds and higher reproductive success have been related to the use of suitable habitats and environmental conditions during the non-breeding season. However, how migratory strategies are shaped by winter habitat choice is largely unknown due to the general inability to track birds from specific wintering habitats to stopovers or breeding destinations. We assessed how winter habitat (native forest vs. shade-grown coffee plantations) relates to spring departure date and migration pace in Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus). We also determined the effect of departure date and total migration duration on the arrival date of birds detected near or within their breeding range. We used a novel application of Motus radio telemetry arrays to track individuals from their wintering grounds in the Andes of South America along their migratory journey to North America. We found variation in migratory strategies between habitats, with birds wintering in native forest departing later than birds in coffee. We present isotopic evidence for native forest being of higher quality than shade coffee for Swainson's Thrush and hypothesize that moister conditions in forest, as shown by stable isotope (δ13 C) analysis of thrush whole blood, provides favourable pre-migratory conditions allowing birds to delay departure from wintering grounds. Habitat, between-site and -year variation in departure date, suggests that birds made facultative adjustments to winter habitat quality and environmental conditions. Independent of habitat, birds that departed later migrated faster and this pattern was maintained along the migration route (n = 44). Migrating earlier and slower or later and faster was unlikely to result in significant differences in arrival time to breeding destinations. Our findings reveal underappreciated complexity in migratory decisions by long-distance migrants that contrast with the current paradigm of earlier departures and arrival from optimal habitats. The next step is to understand the relative fitness benefits of early versus late schedules or whether each strategy is an equally good response to experienced conditions.

中文翻译:

早、慢或晚:春季迁徙速度与新热带迁徙鸣禽的出发时间有关

候鸟长途跋涉,迁徙飞行的时间会影响生存和繁殖能力。对于新热带候鸟而言,早春离开越冬地、早到繁殖地和更高的繁殖成功率与在非繁殖季节使用合适的栖息地和环境条件有关。然而,由于通常无法追踪鸟类从特定越冬栖息地到中途停留或繁殖目的地的情况,冬季栖息地选择如何影响迁徙策略在很大程度上是未知的。我们评估了冬季栖息地(原生森林与遮荫咖啡种植园)与斯温森画眉(Catharus ustulatus)春季出发日期和迁徙速度的关系。我们还确定了出发日期和总迁徙持续时间对在其繁殖范围内或附近检测到的鸟类到达日期的影响。我们使用 Motus 无线电遥测阵列的一种新应用来跟踪从南美洲安第斯山脉越冬地迁徙到北美的个体。我们发现栖息地之间的迁徙策略存在差异,在原生森林中越冬的鸟类比在咖啡中的鸟类晚出发。我们为斯温森鹅口疮提供了原生森林质量高于遮荫咖啡的同位素证据,并假设如鹅口疮全血的稳定同位素 (δ13 C) 分析所示,森林中的潮湿条件提供了有利的迁徙前条件,允许鸟类延迟离开越冬地。栖息地,出发日期的地点和年份之间的变化表明鸟类对冬季栖息地质量和环境条件进行了兼性调整。独立于栖息地,较晚离开的鸟类迁徙速度更快,并且沿迁徙路线保持这种模式(n = 44)。较早和较慢或较晚和较快迁移不太可能导致到达繁殖目的地的时间出现显着差异。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。表明鸟类对冬季栖息地质量和环境条件进行了兼性调整。独立于栖息地,较晚离开的鸟类迁徙速度更快,并且沿迁徙路线保持这种模式(n = 44)。较早和较慢或较晚和较快迁移不太可能导致到达繁殖目的地的时间出现显着差异。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。表明鸟类对冬季栖息地质量和环境条件进行了兼性调整。独立于栖息地,较晚离开的鸟类迁徙速度更快,并且沿迁徙路线保持这种模式(n = 44)。较早和较慢或较晚和较快迁移不太可能导致到达繁殖目的地的时间出现显着差异。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。较晚离开的鸟类迁徙速度更快,并且沿迁徙路线保持这种模式(n = 44)。较早和较慢或较晚和较快迁移不太可能导致到达繁殖目的地的时间出现显着差异。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。较晚离开的鸟类迁徙速度更快,并且沿迁徙路线保持这种模式(n = 44)。较早和较慢或较晚和较快迁移不太可能导致到达繁殖目的地的时间出现显着差异。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。我们的研究结果揭示了远距离迁徙者迁徙决策的复杂性被低估了,这与当前较早离开和到达最佳栖息地的范式形成鲜明对比。下一步是了解早期与晚期日程安排的相对健康益处,或者每种策略是否对所经历的条件都具有同样好的响应。
更新日期:2020-10-12
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