Background and aims: It has been suggested that compulsivity has an essential role in gambling disorder (GD), yet there is a lack of literature exploring the link between GD, compulsivity and gender. Our main aim was to explore gender differences between two of the neurocognitive domains of compulsivity (attentional set-shifting and attentional bias and disengagement) in patients with GD and compare them with healthy controls (HCs). Methods: The sample included 57 treatment-seeking adults with GD and 60 HCs recruited from the general population. Results: The pairwise comparisons showed a worse attentional set-shifting performance in women with GD than in men (total trials (p = 0.042, |d| = 0.56), perseverative responses (p = 0.001, |d| = 0.89), trails to complete the first category (p = 0.001, |d| = 0.78) and categories completed (p = 0.001, |d| = 0.98. Also, men with GD presented higher difficulties than HC men in the two assessed compulsivity domains (attentional bias and disengagement and attentional set-shifting; Stroop interference (p = 0.015, |d| = 0.11), TMT-B (p = 0.041, |d| = 1.96) and lower scores for the WCST perseverative responses (p = 0.007, |d| = 0.78), whereas the differences observed in women with GD and HCs were most significantly in attentional set-shifting. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence of gender compulsivity differences in GD. The results are relevant for improving current treatments by targeting specific compulsivity domains that can lead to more successful treatment options.

背景和目的：有人认为，强迫症在赌博障碍（GD）中起着至关重要的作用，但缺乏文献探讨GD，强迫症和性别之间的联系。我们的主要目的是探讨GD患者强迫症的两个神经认知域之间的性别差异（注意设定移位和注意偏见和脱离接触），并将其与健康对照（HCs）进行比较。方法：样本包括从普通人群中招募的57位寻求治疗的GD成年人和60位HC。结果：成对比较显示，GD女性患者的注意力转移能力比男性差（总试验（p = 0.042，| d | = 0.56），持久性应答（p = 0.001，| d | = 0.89），研究结果完成第一个类别（p = 0.001，| d | = 0.78）和完成的类别（p = 0.001，| d | = 0.98。同样，在两个评估的强迫性领域（注意偏见和脱离接触以及注意变位； GD干扰（p = 0.015，| d | = 0.11）），TMT-B（p = 0.041， | d | = 1.96）和较低的WCST持续反应评分（p = 0.007，| d | = 0.78），而在GD和HCs妇女中观察到的差异在注意变位方面最为显着。 GD中性别强制性差异的第一个证据，该结果与通过针对特定的强制性领域（可导致更成功的治疗选择）而改善当前治疗方法有关。而在GD和HCs妇女中观察到的差异在注意力转移方面最为明显。结论：这项研究提供了GD中性别强迫差异的第一个证据。该结果与通过针对特定的强制性域（可导致更成功的治疗选择）的针对性改善当前治疗方法有关。而在GD和HCs妇女中观察到的差异在注意力转移方面最为明显。结论：这项研究提供了GD中性别强迫差异的第一个证据。该结果与通过针对特定的强制性域（可导致更成功的治疗选择）的针对性改善当前治疗方法有关。