Recently, efforts have been made to fill a so-called “vaccine gap” between Japan and other countries; however, more work remains. Concerns about adverse events following immunization (AEFI) resulted in an historically passive approach to policy making in the National Immunization Program (NIP). For example, reports of AEFI following human papillomavirus vaccine (HPVV) in 2013 led the Japanese government to withdraw its proactive recommendations, resulting in a sharp drop in HPVV coverage rate to less than 1.0%. In this report, we review key historical incidents that led to the current immunization system in Japan, compare it to that in the United States, and discuss strategies for improving the Japanese immunization system. By strengthening existing policies and programs, such as National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups and AEFI reporting, compensation laws, and immunization education, the remaining vaccine gap in Japan could be filled.

最近，人们在努力弥补日本与其他国家之间的所谓“疫苗缺口”。但是，还有更多工作要做。对免疫接种后不良事件的担忧（AEFI）导致国家免疫计划（NIP）采取了历史上被动的政策制定方法。例如，2013年关于人类乳头瘤病毒疫苗（HPVV）接种后AEFI的报道导致日本政府撤回了主动建议，导致HPVV覆盖率急剧下降至不到1.0％。在本报告中，我们回顾了导致日本目前免疫系统出现的主要历史事件，将其与美国进行了比较，并讨论了改善日本免疫系统的策略。通过加强现有的政策和计划，例如国家免疫技术咨询小组和AEFI报告，