Carbon capture and storage via the injection of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into deep saline aquifers, also known as geological storage of CO₂, has been used to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, geologically sequestered CO₂ can seep out through leaky wells and faults, thereby contaminating groundwater and reaching the atmosphere. Several facilities for controlled injection of CO₂ into the shallow subsurface have been constructed to enhance understanding of the impacts of CO₂ on the physical properties of the subsurface and to improve the early detection of CO₂ leakage, before it reaches the atmosphere. Among various monitoring methods, geophysical methods have been employed widely to detect CO₂ plume migration at shallow depths before CO₂ enters the atmosphere. In this study, geophysical monitoring during CO₂ injection at eight field sites and in five laboratory experiments was reviewed and analyzed. The analysis encompassed not only changes in subsurface geophysical properties, such as bulk electrical resistivity, complex resistivity, induced-polarization parameters, and electrical permittivity related to the presence of CO₂, but also the effects of geological conditions on changes in these geophysical properties. Case studies of geophysical monitoring for natural CO₂ leakage from gas vents are also discussed to provide real examples of CO₂ degassing and leakage into the atmosphere. Geophysical surveys are sufficiently effective and sensitive for the monitoring of changes in geophysical properties due to the presence of CO₂ leaked from sequestration reservoirs, and will be much more effective after the identification of high-risk regions for CO₂ leakage from the Earth’s surface.

通过向深盐水层中注入二氧化碳（CO ₂）进行碳捕获和存储，也称为CO _2的地质存储，已被用于减轻温室气体的排放。但是，地质隔离的CO ₂可以通过泄漏的井和断层渗出，从而污染地下水并到达大气。已经建立了一些用于将CO ₂受控注入浅表层的设施，以加深对CO ₂对表层物理性质的影响的了解，并改善对CO ₂的早期检测。泄漏到大气之前。在各种监测方法中，已广泛采用地球物理方法来检测CO ₂进入大气之前在浅深度处的CO ₂羽流迁移。在这项研究中，对八个现场和两个实验室中的CO ₂注入过程中的地球物理监测进行了回顾和分析。该分析不仅包括地下地球物理性质的变化，例如体电阻率，复电阻率，感应极化参数和与CO ₂的存在有关的介电常数，还包括地质条件对这些地球物理性质变化的影响。天然CO ₂的地球物理监测案例研究还讨论了从排气孔的泄漏，以提供CO ₂脱气和泄漏到大气中的真实示例。地球物理勘测对于监测由于固存储层中泄漏的CO ₂而引起的地球物理性质的变化是足够有效和灵敏的，并且在确定了从地球表面泄漏CO ₂的高风险区域之后，地球物理勘测将更加有效。